Abstract
Edible mushrooms are functional foods and valuable but less exploited sources of biologically active compounds. Herbal teas are a range of products widely used due to the therapeutic properties that have been demonstrated by traditional medicine and a supplement in conventional therapies. Their interaction with the human microbiota is an aspect that must be researched, the therapeutic properties depending on the interaction with the microbiota and the consequent fermentative activity. Modulation processes result from the activity of, for example, phenolic acids, which are a major component and which have already demonstrated activity in combating oxidative stress. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight the essential aspects of modulating the microbiota using edible mushrooms and herbal teas. Although the phenolic pattern is different for edible mushrooms and herbal teas, certain non-phenolic compounds (polysaccharides and/or caffeine) are important in alleviating chronic diseases. These specific functional compounds have modulatory properties against oxidative stress, demonstrating health-beneficial effects in vitro and/or In vivo. Moreover, recent advances in improving human health via gut microbiota are presented. Plant-derived miRNAs from mushrooms and herbal teas were highlighted as a potential strategy for new therapeutic effects.
Highlights
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A new approach based on the increasing evidence that plant miRNAs might act as new bioactive compounds that directly modulate the gut microbiota is investigated
The changes in microbial community structure were modest [117]. Another way plant-derived miRNAs could modulate gut microbiota with physiological consequences on the host is via extracellular vesicles, exosomes, and exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs)
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. A well-known example in this regard is curcumin, present in Curcuma longa It has low absorption, and in vitro studies have shown a modulatory activity on the microbiome by stimulating microbiota that generates butyric and propionic acid [3]. The evaluation of the therapeutic potential of herbal teas takes into account the bioavailability of the main components Their concentration is relatively low in teas and has only an adjuvant effect in classical therapies [5]. Fungi are implicated in microbial modulation associated with attenuation or reversal of these chronic pathologies [7] In both mushrooms and herbal teas, the determination of compounds with therapeutic impact remains a critical. A new approach based on the increasing evidence that plant miRNAs might act as new bioactive compounds that directly modulate the gut microbiota is investigated
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