Abstract
Biosensors have been used extensively in the scientific community for several purposes, most notably to determine association and dissociation kinetics, protein-ligand, protein-protein, or nucleic acid hybridization interactions. A number of different types of biosensors are available in the field, each with real or perceived benefits over the others. This review discusses the basic theory and operational arrangements of four commercially available types of optical biosensors: surface plasmon resonance, resonant mirror, resonance waveguide grating, and dual polarization interferometry. The different applications these techniques offer are discussed from experiments and results reported in recently published literature. Additionally, recent advancements or modifications to the current techniques are also discussed.
Highlights
Biosensors that rely on rapid and portable screening techniques have been of interest to identify harmful toxins for food safety [1,2] or to detect chemical or biological agents that could be used in bioterrorism [3,4,5]
Several designs are capable of detecting biomolecular interactions
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), being the most widely used technique in the field, has provided researchers with a wealth of information ranging from evaluation of many different biomolecular interactions to advances in sensor design
Summary
Biosensors that rely on rapid and portable screening techniques have been of interest to identify harmful toxins for food safety [1,2] or to detect chemical or biological agents that could be used in bioterrorism [3,4,5]. The obvious advantage biosensors offer over many other biophysical techniques is that it is label-free, eliminating the need for fluorescent, chemical, or radiolabeled tags. Examples of biosensor types include electrochemical [10,11], carbon nanotube field effect [12,13], and optical [14]. Within each of these individual types, there are many variations in the instrument designs. This review will discuss the basic theory of several of the most commonly used commercial optical biosensors in the field and provide an update on the current applications each of these techniques offer
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