Theoretical research of seeding of seeds with a tape opener with a roller-distributor

Abstract

Purpose. Improvement of the quality of spreading seed of grain seeds by technologies with minimal tillage due to the theoretical based of the interconnection the range of the seeds sowing coulter by a mechanical roller-diffuser in the underpass space of and cultivator type coulter with this design parameters and technological modes. Methods. The research is based on analytical methods and mathematical modeling of agricultural machines and technological operations using the laws of mechanics. Based on the obtained theoretical dependencies, numerical simulation was performed on a computer, graphs were constructed using MathCAD. Results. The cultivator type coulter is developed for subsoil-spread sowing by technologists with minimal tillage with roller spreader in the under-floor space. From the seeding apparatus, the seed enters the socket of the coulter and through the roller-diffuser is distributed to the seed bed in the underpass space. For the studies, an equivalent circuit of the coulter and the trajectory scheme of the seed movement after descent from the roller of the diffuser with the most characteristic cases of movement of the seeds were developed: the seed falls immediately on the surface of the disk of the roller-diffuser; the seed falls on the conical surface of the roller-diffuser, slides on it to the disk, moves on it to the edge, and is sown after leaving the disk. Description of the movement of seeds on the conical surface of the roller-diffuser is made by the differential equation of relative motion in two coordinate systems. One inseparably linked to the cone is inertial and is located so that the ordinate axis is aligned with the axis of rotation of the working body, and the abscissa axis passes through the initial position of the seed on the cone, the second – non-inertial coordinate system is the axis of the natural trihedron , п, b. The solution of the system of differential equations of movement of seeds on the working surface of the cone of the roller-diffuser in the sub-space space of the cultivator-type coulter along the axes of the rectangular Cartesian coordinate system was obtained. According to the obtained theoretical equations, with the help of MathCAD program, plots of the sowing range of seeds by roller-diffuser, depending on the radius of initial hit on the roller at a speed of gradual movement of the seeder 2 m/s are constructed: when the seeds fall on the roller disk; when the seeds fall on the roller cone. Analysis of the graphs showed that the range of sowing seeds by roller-diffuser, depending on the radius of initial contact with the roller, varies from 0,005 to 0,011 m. Conclusions. Conclusions. The dependence of the relative speed of movement of seeds on the conical surface of the roller-diffuser from the modes of its operation is established. By specifying the beginning and end of the seedlings from the conical surface of the roller diffuser, as well as the speed of emergence at certain points, it is possible to determine the flight distance of the seeds from any point in the cone. Mathematical modeling of the technological process will allow to substantiate the geometrical parameters and technological characteristics of the cultivator type coulter. Keywords: cultivator type coulter, paw, roller-diffuser, mathematic model, technology, seeds, trajectory, theoretical dependence.