Abstract
This chapter reviews the main debates on development in general and rural development in particular, and provides a theoretical framework to explain the process of rural development and the changes that occur in rural society as a consequence of rural development programmes. The discussion is organised into three sections. The first deals with modernisation theory and agricultural modernisation. It examines how changes occur and the strategies that can be used to lead the process in the desired direction. The second section traces the history of development and rural development theories and approaches from the 1950s to the early 1990s, and examines the nature of rural change with reference to developmental experiences over the decades. The final section considers the direction of rural transformation through an analysis of topics such as poverty and inequality in rural communities.
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