Abstract
The hereby paper presents a theoretical approach to the U.S.–China geopolitical rivalry as the process of dispersion of power from the hegemon to the challenger [Allison] that may toward, through the sphere of influence fragmentation processes, to the polycentricity of the international relations system. In this work the author presents a new theoretical approach to the U.S.–China political rivalry understood as a key element of a process of changing the model of the global hegemonic leadership, shaped most fully since 1991. The paper presents the concept of two theoretical levels – the rational strategy and the political vibrancy – which are a necessary context for identifying the nature of given decision-making processes of the main subjects of contemporary international relations. Thus, through the abovementioned concept the sino-american relations are explained within the methods that are being used by states with particular emphasis on analyzing the operations of the People's Republic of China. Furthermore, the author reasons why China is withdrawing from the use of soft power – understood in the terms of J. S. Nye’s – and why it primarily uses the linking power and sharp power [Walker, Ludwig]. The article ends with a summary in which author, based on the information presented, tries to answer the question – why the liberal international order remains uncertain (or is about to fail).
Highlights
It was 1991 when the world balance of power had totally changed as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union
Within the rise of the hegemonic leadership the liberal international order and its main spheres of influence flourished to the time of the first big challenge – the war of terrorism, that – without reasonable solution – might had inhibited the liberal expansion
The motives came from different origins: the society needed bringing justice after 9/11, the neoconservatives suspected Saddam Hussein might develop nuclear weapon, realists were seeking opportunity to increase the power in the region [Nye 2019, 69]
Summary
It was 1991 when the world balance of power had totally changed as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union. The third great challenge in IR that USA is facing for years is the rise of China within all of its the consequences for the modern balance of power, trade, arms, intelligence and technology racings and many others. This is – obviously – a selective choice. The main research problem of hereby work is to point out the changes in the global balance of power and to identify the current state of the hegemonic leadership of the United States. China is much more resistant to economic crisis as it could be seen after the eruption of the recent global crisis
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