Abstract
As a result of long clinical observation and application to the known physiology of the circulation James Mackenzie published in 1902 the "Study of the Pulse." This marked a new era in the study of cardiac diseases, by his practical manner of discriminating between the pathologic alterations of the fundamental properties of heart muscle (rhythmicity, excitability, conductivity, contractility and tonicity) first demonstrated by Gaskell and subsequently in greater detail by Englemann and his pupils. Mackenzie's results depended for the most part on a careful analysis and comparison of the venous and arterial pulses, the former giving the auricular time, the latter the ventricular, and the main features of his interpretation have been accepted without any question. In spite of the ingenious methods adopted by him, however, there may be still some doubt as to whether the features of the jugular pulse really correspond to the phases of the cardiac cycle
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