The Value Chain and Benefit Distribution in East Java's Goat Meat Business for Sustainable Management

صنعت فولاد به عنوان یکی از صنایع مادر کشور نقش بسزایی در اشتغال­زایی و ارزآوری دارد و از صنایع زیربنایی توسعه کشور محسوب می شود. ایران در فاکتورهای مهم تولید فولاد مزیت دارد؛ بر اساس طرح جامع فولاد ایران، کلیه حلقه­های زنجیره ارزش این صنعت می­بایست به صورت متوازن توسعه یابند تا کشور از حیث تامین مواد اولیه و میانی زنجیره خود کفا باشد. در مقاله پیش رو با استفاده از روش تحلیل اقتصادی زنجیره ارزش و تحلیل جریان مواد به واکاوی زنجیره ارزش صنعت فولاد ایران در سال­های 93-95 پرداخته شده است. ابتدا زنجیره ارزش فولاد کشور ترسیم و با استفاده از آمار مربوط به میزان تولید و فروش سالانه در هر حلقه از زنجیره ارزش، آمار واردات و صادرات محصولات مختلف زنجیره و . . . جریان مواد در زنجیره ارزش صنعت فولاد تحلیل گردید. سپس کل ارزش افزوده حاصل از زنجیره و سهم مراحل مختلف و هزینه­های عملیاتی و سربار در هر حلقه شناسایی شد. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق عدم توزان و عدم بهره­وری در طول زنجیره مشهود است و در هر سه سال کمبود ظرفیت گندله­سازی، گلوگاه توازن زنجیره بوده است. علاوه بر این تنها بدلیل تفاوت ظرفیت اسمی و تولید واقعی در تولید گندله در سال­ 1393 حدود چهارصد میلیارد ریال، در سال 1394 حدود هزار میلیارد ریال و در سال 1395 حدود هشت هزار میلیارد ریال از ارزش افزوده­ای که می­توانست در زنجیره تولید شود، کاسته شده­است. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق عدم توزان و عدم بهره‌وری در طول زنجیره مشهود است و در هر سه سال کمبود ظرفیت گندله-سازی، گلوگاه توازن زنجیره بوده است. علاوه بر این تنها بدلیل تفاوت ظرفیت اسمی و تولید واقعی در تولید گندله در سال‌ 1393 حدود چهارصد میلیارد ریال، در سال 1394 حدود هزار میلیارد ریال و در سال 1395 حدود هشت هزار میلیارد ریال از ارزش افزوده‌ای که می‌توانست در طول زنجیره تولید شود، کاسته شده‌است.

The types of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence integration to the food value and supply chain, other technologies embedded with artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence adoption barriers in the food value and supply chain, and solutions to overcome these barriers were analyzed by the authors. It was demonstrated by the analysis that artificial intelligence can be integrated vertically into the entire food supply and value chain, owing to its wide range of functions. Different phases of the chain are affected by developed technologies such as robotics, drones, and smart machines. Different capabilities are provided for different phases by the interaction of artificial intelligence with other technologies such as big data mining, machine learning, the Internet of services, agribots, industrial robots, sensors and drones, digital platforms, driverless vehicles and machinery, and nanotechnology, as revealed by a systematic literature analysis. However, the application of artificial intelligence is hindered by social, technological, and economic barriers. These barriers can be overcome by developing the financial and digital literacy of farmers and by disseminating good practices among the participants of the food supply and value chain.

The dairy sector in Mexico serves as a pivotal aspect of the national agricultural economy, marked by a complex supply and value chain with significant economic contributions. This essay aims to bridge the research gap in supply and value chain practices within the Mexican dairy industry, highlighting the need for the adoption of effective and competitive supply chain strategies to ensure food safety and security and align with export market standards. The supply chain spans several crucial stages, such as milk collection, processing, packaging, distribution, and retail. While the sector holds vast potential, small-scale farmers frequently encounter barriers to market entry and struggle with limited market access. Addressing the key elements of the supply chain and value chain within the Mexican dairy industry is imperative for devising competitive strategies and enhancing food security to comply with international export standards. The industry is confronted with sustainability challenges, notably the dearth of environment-specific data and the slow pace of technology adoption, which are aggravated by the dominance of small-scale operations, infrastructural inadequacies, and the lack of supportive governmental policies. An integrated and holistic approach is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness of the Mexican dairy industry.

This study aims to identify value chain of strategic agricultural commodities in East Java. In addition, this study formulate supply chain optimization of strategic agricultural commodities in East Java. This study uses several analysis approaches, namely 1) input output analysis; 2) supply chain descriptive analysis, 3) supply chain management institutional pattern analysis, 4) trading margin analysis, 5) value chain analysis, 6) root problem analysis; and 7) Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP).The results of this study indicate that there are three strategic commodities in East Java, namely sugar cane, cayenne pepper and corn. These strategic agricultural commodities have a fairly long supply chain. On average, producers (farmers/breeders) receive the lowest price margins among other supply chain actors. Collectors and wholesalers are known to receive the most margins.

Methods. The results are obtained through the use of the following methods: logicalanalytical method and generalization – in the analysis of behavioral characteristics and ensuring consistency in industrial value chains; standard methods of qualitative and quantitative marketing research – in the diagnosis of factors influencing the formation of sustainable relationships of industrial enterprises with partners in value chains. Results. It has been established that in the context of the globalization of the market and the general orientation of the Ukrainian economy towards the European principles of development, it becomes important for mining engineering enterprises to prove their adherence to the requirements of energy efficiency, energy saving, energy security and social energy responsibility. Value chains should not only improve energy efficiency, economic and production stability of the enterprise, but also contribute to strengthening the sustainable development of all participants in the production chain, as well as other stakeholders (business partners, buyers, investors, local communities, etc.). Novelty. The behavioral features of mining machine-building enterprises in the context of formation of stable supply chains in the mining sector of the national economy are specified. The relationship between the energy efficiency indicator in the development of sustainable value chains in the extractive industry has been established. Practical value. The use of sustainable development principles in the formation of value chains will increase the energy efficiency of the industry, provide a competitive advantage for entering global production chains in the context of Ukraine's European integration.

Methods. The results are obtained through the use of the following methods: logicalanalytical method and generalization – in the analysis of behavioral characteristics and ensuring consistency in industrial value chains; standard methods of qualitative and quantitative marketing research – in the diagnosis of factors influencing the formation of sustainable relationships of industrial enterprises with partners in value chains. Results. It has been established that in the context of the globalization of the market and the general orientation of the Ukrainian economy towards the European principles of development, it becomes important for mining engineering enterprises to prove their adherence to the requirements of energy efficiency, energy saving, energy security and social energy responsibility. Value chains should not only improve energy efficiency, economic and production stability of the enterprise, but also contribute to strengthening the sustainable development of all participants in the production chain, as well as other stakeholders (business partners, buyers, investors, local communities, etc.). Novelty. The behavioral features of mining machine-building enterprises in the context of formation of stable supply chains in the mining sector of the national economy are specified. The relationship between the energy efficiency indicator in the development of sustainable value chains in the extractive industry has been established. Practical value. The use of sustainable development principles in the formation of value chains will increase the energy efficiency of the industry, provide a competitive advantage for entering global production chains in the context of Ukraine's European integration.

As production in various industries has become more and more vertically integrated across geographies, several regions of the world have gained importance for specific industries in terms of their participation in regional and global value chains. Value chains of various industries involve India and the European Union (EU) at various stages. This chapter concentrates on two industries whose value chains run through the EU, namely: software and textiles, attempting to unravel the nature of integration for both the industries. Innovation achieved in either industry as a result of the value chain integration and its influence on the industry are analysed. Highlighting the lessons learnt through the evolution of these value chains, the chapter concludes by specifying some challenges for the industries and the importance of skill development to ensure that India can grow its comparative advantage and penetration in the value chains of these industries.

A rigorous and extensive application of the value chain management (VCM) has become the vogue in modern day business practices and processes. However, due to the complex and multidimensional nature of value chains, achieving efficient and effective value chain management in real value chains remains a major conundrum for practitioners. Many unknown barriers continue to impede effective and efficient value chain management in developing countries’ industrial value chains. The purpose of this study was to find out the common barriers to effective value chain management in a developing country’s industrial value chains using evidence from the cotton industry in Zimbabwe. The analysis was based on survey data sets obtained from 157 purposively sampled experts from the cotton industry value chain in Zimbabwe. Exploratory factor analysis was used to find the barriers to effective value chain management. The results revealed both architectural and governance barriers to effective value chain management. The findings also presented major policy implications for industrial value chains in the developing countries and also indicated areas for further robust research founded on a broader data set from other developing countries’ industrial chains as a way of validating the findings of this study.

Chicken Cemani is a local Indonesian chicken that has been worldwide. The potential of Cemani chicken is very good, apart from being a chicken used for traditional ceremonies, Cemani chicken has good production potential and has very large export prospects. However, the population is still limited causing many requests that cannot be fulfilled. Maintenance that has not implemented an integrated and traditional supply chain system causes the development of Cemani chicken agribusiness to be slow. The supply chain management system (SCM) is an integrated marketing system that includes the integration of products and actors to provide satisfaction to customers. In the Cemani chicken commodity, the actors and those involved are not clearly known. This study aims to determine the actors involved in the Cemani chicken supply chain and to find out the product flow, as well as the finances contained in the supply chain in Pakis, Malang, East Java. The study was conducted at the Cemani chicken farm in Pakis, Malang, East Java. The location selection was done purposively based on the consideration that the center of the Cemani chicken farm in Indonesia was in Pakis, Malang City, East Java. The research was conducted in November 2020. The research method used is a descriptive survey method. The method of determining respondents is purposive sampling which is based on the supply chain of a farm owned by Mr. Ihsan and Mr. Sigit. Determination of the respondents of traders and consumers in this study was carried out by snowball sampling, namely tracing the supply chain channels of the livestock owned by Mr. Ihsan and Mr. Sigit from traders to consumers in the Java area. Respondents in this study were 2 breeders. The data for product flow obtained were analyzed descriptively while for financial flows were analyzed using margin and efficiency analysis. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the actors in the supply chain of grade I and grade I Cemani chickens are breeders, traders in the city, traders outside the city and consumers. There are three marketing channels in the marketing supply chain for Cemani chicken in Pakis Malang City, namely channel I consisting of Breeders → Traders Outside Malang City → Traders in the City → Consumers. Channel II consists of Farmers → Traders in the City → Consumers and channel III consists of Farmers → Consumers. Sales use online and offline systems. The flow of finance where the selling price is the highest is the out-of-town traders belonging to Mr. Sigit at a price of Rp. 350,000 – Rp. 531,250 / head with the age of 2-5 months. The most efficient marketing channel is that farmers distribute directly to consumers. Keyword : Products flow, financial flow, local chicken

Economic Vulnerabilities and Livelihoods: Impact of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 in Fiji and Vanuatu

The application of any e-Solution promises significant returns. In particular, using internet technologies both within enterprises and across the supply (value) chain provides real opportunity, not only for operational improvement but also for innovative strategic positioning. However, significant questions obscure potential investment; how any value will actually be created and, importantly, how this value will be shared across the value chain is not clear. This paper will describe a programme of research that is developing an enterprise simulator that will provide a more fundamental understanding of the impact of e-Solutions across operational supply chains, in terms of both standard operational and financial measures of performance. An efficient supply chain reduces total costs of operations by sharing accurate real-time information and coordinating inter-organizational business processes. This form of electronic link between organizations is known as business-to-business (B2B) e-Business. The financial measures go beyond simple cost calculations to real bottom-line performance by modelling the financial transactions that business processes generate. The paper will show how this enterprise simulator allows for a complete supply chain to be modelled in this way across four key applications: control system design, virtual enterprises, pan-supply-chain performance metrics and supporting e-Supply-chain design methodology.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework to understand the influence that the social era is having on the value chain of the local news industry. The authors theoretically advance value chain theory by, firstly, considering the influence of community type and age on consumption and, secondly, exploring the role that consumers can play in value-adding activities. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in moving from a transactional approach towards consumer relationships in the value chain towards managing consumers as a source of relational value (e.g. co-creation and integrated perspectives). Design/methodology/approach – The conceptual framework is theoretically positioned in relation to community and digital community practices in the social era. A series of research questions are presented, then these questions are explored drawing on empirical data from the Pew database. The authors then advance the framework further to consider news firm strategy towards its consumers. Fifteen in-depth executive interviews were conducted with local news organizations in the Manchester area of the UK. Findings – The authors illustrate that different types of communities (merging cohorts and locations) are influencing levels of technological and social connectivity within the value chain. The authors also found that the news industry is experimenting with reconfiguring its consumer relations from a purely transactional to a co-created and participatory value-added activity in the social era. In terms of its policy impact, the findings in this paper show that the whole strategic value chain ideology of the news industry needs to change radically; away from its largely transactional (and lack of trust) approach in the ability of consumers to create value in the supply chain (other than to buy a product) and, move towards much greater consumer involvement and participation in value chain processes (creation, production and distribution of news products and services). Originality/value – The change associated with social media and connectivity is changing the way that different community types and consumer groups are now consuming and participating in news content creation. Unlike previous studies, the authors show that there is variance and complexity in the levels of consumer participation by community type/age group. Using the Pew data, the authors contribute to knowledge on the value creation strategy of news firms in the social era, by identifying how communicative, social and communicative logics influence value and co-creation activities in the local news supply chain. Through interviews, the authors advance value co-creation theory from its strategic and marketing origins to operational and supply chain implementation.

This study investigated the gender-based differences in the commercialisation of rattan and bamboo in Ghana, the opportunities available to rural and urban poor communities engaged in the value chain of rattan and bamboo resource and the challenges they face in their quest to earn a living from the industry. Using snowball sampling, 106 actors in the value chain of the industry were sampled from rural and urban communities where rattan and bamboo are harvested, processed and marketed. Questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were the main data collection tools. The results showed that even though males dominate the value chain, females play two important roles: harvesting and supplying of raw rattan and bamboo to processors. Whereas rural males and females are mostly engaged in the harvesting of the resource their urban counterparts are engaged in the processing and marketing of products from the resource. The limited role played by women in the value chain was partly due to their low self-efficacy resulting from gender stereotype and their traditional roles in the home. Those involved in all the stages of the value chain reported daily income of about USD8.00 and this diminishes to 19.8%, 23%, and 36% of it for harvesters, processors and marketers, respectively. The amount accrued to harvesters was found to be lower than the average daily wage of hired labour, suggesting that the commercialisation of rattan and bamboo has not improved the economic status of rural people. Economics of scale and product quality were the main inhibiting factors for successful commercialisation of the resource. Policy interventions aimed at increasing rural participation in the value chain should include removal of gender stigmatization, providing rural artisans with technical and marketing support, and establishing cottage industry as part of effort to integrating rural businesses communities’ into local tourism. International visibility of rattan and bamboo industry in Ghana, which thus far has remained poor, requires urgent attention from governmental and non-governmental agencies.

The study characterizes resilience of value chains in the Russian coal industry and is the first step toward modeling feasible value chain adaptation under the pressure of sanctions and other challenges. The authorial approach to the analysis of coal value chains includes identification of basic types of value chains in the coal industry, assessment of their current resilience and modeling feasible upgrading directions to enhance the long-term resilience of the value chains. The proposed approach to modeling flexible coal value chains sticks follows a certain algorithm, namely: review of typical value chains in the coal industry; assessment of their current resilience and development trends; finding of feasible directions of upgrading the value chains on the ground of enhanced flexibility and robustness and using clean coal technologies; description of new effective value chains in the coal industry using advanced clean technologies. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project&nbsp;No. 22&ndash;28-01803, https://rscf.ru/project/22-28-01803/, and used&nbsp;equipment of the Shared Use Center at the Kemerovo State University&nbsp;under the state contract with the Ministry of Science and Higher Education&nbsp;of the Russian Federation, Contract No. 075-15-2021-694 dated 5&nbsp;August 2021, ID RF-2296.61321X0032.

Purpose: In this article, the utilisation of a case side stream, aqueous paint sludge is studied in accordance with the principles of the circular economy. The study's main objective is to find new potential utilisation possibilities for aqueous paint sludge generated in the region and take a closer look at the role of logistics in the industrial side stream utilisation-based business cases and value chains. Study design/methodology/approach: In this article, the utilisation of aqueous paint sludge is studied via a descriptive case study in the context of Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. The current state of the paint sludge problem was analysed by interviewing five company representatives. In addition, a workshop was organised, and before the workshop, a questionnaire was sent to all invited. Findings: As a result, the most feasible solutions for aqueous paint sludge utilisation were identified and evaluated from economic, technical, and environmental points of view in the context of this study. In all the proposed solutions, one general challenge was the logistics for narrow material flows from decentralised sources in a relatively large geographical area. Originality/value: Prior case studies of paint sludge utilisation as a raw material have been conducted, but the logistics have not played a significant role in the studies. Logistics has been an important part of the circular economy in the literature. This study reaffirms this notion and finds logistics to have an important and decisive role in industrial side stream utilisation-based business cases and value chains.