Abstract
The disarticulation of traditional extractionism in the 1960s led to serious socio-economic and environmental problems in the Amazon. The Extractive Reserves (RESEX) arose as a sustainable development alternative for the region. However, the unique challenges in extractive activities – such as native rubber – continue to result in difficulties with economic viability since the market fails to capture the environmental attributes of the forests. These failures may impact the maintenance of eco-systemic services. The payments for environmental services, such as the environmental certification, arise as a way to compensate those who carry out environmental services. The general aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental valuation in the price formation of the rubber productive chain in the state of Acre. We work with the methodology of price formation through trade margin indicators (Markup) and Effective Appropriation according to the structure of the market circuits of the rubber productive chain in the region. Our results indicate that the extractivists of the Chico Mendes RESEX obtained, in the period of 2018/2019, a level of remuneration for their environmental services which may lead to economic viability in rubber production. However, from the standpoint of maintenance of environmental services – as well as the maintenance of the families of the extractivists – that remuneration is still not enough for an effective environmental valuation.
Highlights
The Extractive Reserves (RESEX) have been implemented as a way to guarantee the ownership of land to the extractivists, and social justice, ecological prudence, and economic viability. This latter dimension, unlike the others, is still a barrier to the development of the RESEXes because the products of vegetal extractivism, such as native rubber, face competition in the traditional market from producers of synthetic and cultivation rubber, which leads to a lowering of prices that is characteristic of the price formation of commodities
We highlight that conventional markets fail to capture, in prices, the attributes of sustainable products such as those that come from conservation zones like the RESEXes
The RESEXes appear as a unique model of sustainable development for the region, fruit of the union between the environmentalist movement and the tappers’ movement, seeking ecological prudence, social justice, and economic viability
Summary
The disarticulation process of traditional extractivism in the Amazon – in particular in Acre – stemming from “modern” activities such as agropastoralism has led to serious socioeconomic and environmental problems, such as the struggle for ownership of the land and the rampant deforestation in the region.the social movement of the tappers became an important ally to the global environmental movement in the search for a new, sustainable mode of development for the Amazon region.In this process, the Extractive Reserves (RESEX) have been implemented as a way to guarantee the ownership of land to the extractivists, and social justice, ecological prudence, and economic viability.This latter dimension, unlike the others, is still a barrier to the development of the RESEXes because the products of vegetal extractivism, such as native rubber, face competition in the traditional market from producers of synthetic and cultivation rubber, which leads to a lowering of prices that is characteristic of the price formation of commodities.We highlight that conventional markets fail to capture, in prices, the attributes of sustainable products such as those that come from conservation zones like the RESEXes. The social movement of the tappers became an important ally to the global environmental movement in the search for a new, sustainable mode of development for the Amazon region In this process, the Extractive Reserves (RESEX) have been implemented as a way to guarantee the ownership of land to the extractivists, and social justice, ecological prudence, and economic viability. The Extractive Reserves (RESEX) have been implemented as a way to guarantee the ownership of land to the extractivists, and social justice, ecological prudence, and economic viability This latter dimension, unlike the others, is still a barrier to the development of the RESEXes because the products of vegetal extractivism, such as native rubber, face competition in the traditional market from producers of synthetic and cultivation rubber, which leads to a lowering of prices that is characteristic of the price formation of commodities. The environmental certification is a mechanism that may be utilized in the valuation of the attributes of socio-bio-diversity products and help the extractivists of the RESEX reach economic viability
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