Abstract
The equilibrium distribution for a low-density infinite system of electromagnetically (EM) interacting particles placed in euclidean space in equilibrium with the Lorentz-invariant (LI) zero-point field (ZPF) is also LI with an energy density ρ(E)dE Ã E−1dE. This result follows semiclassically as well as quantum theoretically (QT). Such an idea is exploited to propose a means for energizing the intergalactic medium (IGM) and thus explain the X-ray background (XRB) as thermal bremsstrahlung (TB) of a 3 × 108 K thermally excited electron gas confirming observation (see, e.g., Marshall et al. 1980; Boldt 1987).
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