Abstract
Resin composites and adhesives are increasingly popular in dental restorations, but secondary caries is one of the main reasons for restoration failure. Quaternary ammonium monomers (QAMs) have an anti-microbial effect and are widely used in many fields. Since the concept of the immobilized antibacterial effect was put forward, dental restorations containing QAMs have been studied to reduce secondary caries. Previous studies have been struggling to develop novel anti-caries materials which might have triple benefits: good mechanical properties, antibacterial effects and remineralization potentials. Different kinds of QAMs have been proven to be effective in inhibiting the growth and metabolism of biofilms. Combination of QAMs and other nanoparticles in resin composites and adhesives could enhance their anti-caries capability. Therefore, QAMs are promising to show significant impact on the future of restorative and preventive dentistry.
Highlights
Dental caries, one of the most common bacterial infectious diseases in humans, is the localized destruction of susceptible dental hard tissues by acid produced from bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates [1]
The results indicated that even with 18% quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM), the composite strength still matched that of the two commercial composites without antibacterial properties
The results demonstrated that the antibacterial properties of nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP)+QADM were maintained even after water-aging for
Summary
One of the most common bacterial infectious diseases in humans, is the localized destruction of susceptible dental hard tissues by acid produced from bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates [1]. Previous in vitro studies indicated that resin composites accumulated more dental plaque than other restorative materials [14]. The low-molecular-weight antimicrobial agents have the shortcoming of the residual toxicity of the agents endangering the environment, and their effects are short lived because of the difficulty of controlling their rate of diffusion Another disadvantage of dental materials that release antimicrobial agents is an adverse influence on mechanical properties [23]. There are numerous studies on synthesis of novel quaternary ammonium monomers [30], in order to find a compound which has several benefits, including good antibacterial effect, low cytotoxicity, without compromising mechanical properties, low cost and convenience of receipt. Antibacterial quaternary ammonium monomers have been incorporated into composite materials to inhibit plaque accumulation and secondary caries since nearly 30 years ago. The review summarized the previous studies of dental materials incorporated with QAM
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