Abstract
This chapter provides a brief history of animal research and examines the ethical arguments for and against animal experimentation. It discusses the animal rights views of Peter Singer and Tom Regan and considers some morally significant similarities and differences between animals and humans. The chapter also discusses oversight systems for animal research, including federal and state laws, institutional animal care and use committees, and animal research accrediting agencies. This chapter describes some principles for the ethical treatment of animal in research, such as the “three Rs”—reduction, replacement, and refinement—as well as some ethical dilemmas scientists face when they work with animals.
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