The Urgency of Methodological Integration between Hermeneutics and Tafsir in Understanding The Qurʾān

A Cultural Ambassador East and West: J. Hillis Miller’s <i>Lectures in China</i>

This study aims to critically examine the application of the hermeneutic approach in interpreting the verses of the Qur'an relating to education. In the modern context, hermeneutics is certainly seen as an alternative method of interpretation that seeks to connect the text, context, and subjectivity of the reader in order to gain a more relevant understanding of the educational values in the Qur'an. The research method used is descriptive qualitative based on literature studies as a step to visualize and analyze related to the study in this study to trace the history of hermeneutics, variants in hermeneutics, figures of Qur'anic hermeneutics in interpreting educational verses, and how the polemics that occur between groups that are pro-hermeneutics and against it. The results of the research that can be presented in this study are that the hermeneutic method can contribute to enriching the discourse of interpretation so that it can open space for a more dynamic and contextual understanding of educational verses such as Qs. Al-Alaq verses 1-5, Qs. Al-Mujadalah verse 11, Qs. Luqman verse 13, Qs. Al-Ahzab verse 21, and Qs. An-Nahl verse 125. However, in this case, caution is needed to maintain the integrity of the meaning contained in the text itself, especially the text of the Qur'an. With this research, the author certainly hopes it will be a valuable contribution as an interpretation methodology that is appropriate to the challenges of the future.

This study aims to analyze and reveal the symbolic meaning of “the number those who were sealed: 144,000 from all the tribes of Israel” in Revelation 7:1-17 and implications for the mission. The research method used is qualitative research carried out with the principles and hermeneutic methods of the Bible. The Bible’s hermeneutic method is divided into two characteristics, namely general hermeneutics and specific ones. For the general hermeneutic interpretation method, the author uses three existing analyses structural analysis, grammatical analysis and theological analysis. Then for the particular hermeneutic interpretation method, the author uses the interpretation of number symbols. The results of this study reveal that the symbolic meaning of “the number those who were sealed: 144,000 from all the tribes of Israel” in Revelation 7:1-17 are symbolic numbers of the number redeemed by the Lamb who made it through the tribulation period by remaining faithful to the end of being followers of Christ. As for the theological implications of the text of Revelation 7:1-17 for the mission, namely, God Protects His People (7:1-3), God is Consistent with His Promise of Salvation (7:4-8), and God Grants Universal Salvation (7:9-17). As for the practical implications of the text of Revelation 7: 1-17 for the mission, namely Believers are sealed as servants of God (7:1-8), Believers glorify God (7:9-12), and Believers receive sanctification and God's providence (7:13- 17).

The change of the modern world determines the transformation of the principles of dialogicity under the influence of a single global communicative space. The literature of Kazakhstan continues intercultural interaction and develops a productive dialogue with the national literatures of the world in the XXI century. The development of the latest scientific research in the study of Kazakh literature and the literature of the ethnic groups of the country, their perception in international contexts in line with the post-non-classical period of science and postcolonial theory in literary studies are relevant and in demand today. The authors of the article consider the study of the spiritual image of the Kazakh people and culture in the perception of the foreign environment and multicultural space to be relevant and important. There were, as is known, international and interethnic interactions important for Kazakh literature in the past. There are new factors and communications affecting the state of literature in Kazakhstan today. The audiovisual and computer industry determine the expansion of discourses of the study of Russian culture and literature in the axiological aspect of modern philological research. The range of reception of Kazakh literature abroad is constantly expanding. The dynamic and progressive development of foreign relations is justified by the fact that Kazakh-English, Azerbaijani, American, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Czech and Georgian cooperation opens up new prospects for the study of Kazakh literature in international contexts in the aspect of post-non-classical epistemology and plurality. The research methodology is based on a combination of historical-typological and hermeneutic methods. The method of culturological interpretation of texts in the native literary environment and in a foreign one, in which it is included in the process of literary translation, is also important. The results of the article will be of some scientific interest in the country and abroad.

The clergy has long used the method of hermeneutics in the 17th century to interpret classical texts in meaning. Because of this, in the study of scientific knowledge, Islam tries to use hermeneutical interpretations to find a definition that can be understood easily by humans. So the need to research the above issues to find formulations and hermeneutic methods in Islamic scholarship that not only consists of the holy book of the Qur'an and al-Hadith as authentic texts but also thoughts, culture, fiqh, theology and fields of science others in Islam. This research method is a study with a type of literature study (literature study) with a philosophical-historical approach — data collection techniques with documentation techniques. The results of the survey show that Muslim scholars such as Amin Abdullah try to use the hermeneutic method in Islamic studies to produce scientific assumptions in Islamic studies in the following subjects: First, the nature of knowledge summarized in various studies is not fixed and static, but dynamic. Second, the thinking carried out by the scholars' is the result of the interaction between the text (al-Qur`an and Sunnah) and the social context that surrounds it. Third, full emphasis on the empirical-critical paradigm for conducting religious reviews, including thoughts about the sacredness of the text itself, and the results of that thought is not fixed but always changing.

The purpose of this article is twofold: to give scientific reasoning for the objectives-based interpretation as a special kind of legal norms’ teleological explication and to apply it for essence, purposefulness and advisability determination of criminal procedural norm on the entitlement of a prosecutor with powers of investigation judge according to Art. 615 of Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and exercising them in an area (administrative territory) of enacting the measures on the provision of the national security and defence, resistance and deterrence of armed aggression. The methodological basis of the research was general scientific and special methods, namely dialectical, hermeneutic, teleological, logical, historical, formal legal (legal positivism) and natural law (value-based) methods. The dialectical method was the basis for the work; it allowed the author to consider in complex the achievement of objectives of criminal procedure by the Ukrainian legal system. The hermeneutic method was used to define the meaning of the new text of the analysed legal provision. The historical method was manifested in the attempt to discover prerequisites of amendments to the criminal procedural norm. The article has both general legal and criminal procedural, applicable in practice scientific novelty: the author provided his own method of interpretation of criminal procedural provisions, that was named the «objectives-based» method; the author proposed methodological grounds and instruments for it, which originates from the notions on the purpose of Law and human rights in general, and on the purpose of Criminal Process in particular; the author applied the objectives-based interpretation on the provision on the entitlement of a prosecutor with powers of investigation judge and exercising them in an area (administrative territory) of enacting the measures on the provision of the national security and defence, resistance and deterrence of armed aggression in order to solve legal uncertainty of its essence. As a conclusion of conducting the research, the author focuses on the beneficial effects of applying the objectives-based method of interpretation of criminal procedural provisions, its simplicity, promptness and expediency; the author comes to the conclusion that the procedure for restricting fundamental human rights and freedoms introduced in the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine in recent amendments may possibly be inconsistent with relevant provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine; finally, expressed in this article ideas can be used in further scientific and expert researches on the issues of legislative improvement of the criminal procedures in the extraordinary situations – on the legal regime of emergency or martial law. Keywords: objectives-based interpretation; objectives of criminal procedure; ratio legis; ratio juris; Joint Forces Operation; purposefulness of law; advisability of criminal procedure; norms implementation; International Humanitarian Law; prosecution in International Armed Conflict; restriction of rights and freedoms; constitutionality; martial law; boundaries of security zones.

The problem of gender discrimination for women can occur in all spaces, both public and private spaces as well as in family life. This problem is not only caused by biased socio-cultural construction but can also be caused by biased interpretation of Islamic teachings. Even Though in the Qur'an and the Hadith itself highly upholds the equality of existence between men and women. There are two main objectives in this study. First, to find gender mainstreaming in the construction of Amina Wadud's al-Qur'an hermeneutic method. Second, to understand the application of Amina Wadud's hermeneutic method in interpreting verses about the pattern of gender relations in the family. This research is qualitative in the form of a literature study with a philosophical normative approach. The primary source used is an explanation of Amina Wadud's hermeneutic method in her book entitled Qur'an and Woman Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman's Perspective. Meanwhile, secondary sources used are various relevant studies. There are two big conclusions of this research. First, Amina Wadud's hermeneutic al-Qur'an method considers three aspects as the basis for the interpretation of a text (verse), among others, the context in which the text was written and interpreted, the grammatical text, and the weltansanschaung . By considering these three aspects, Wadud tried to reinterpret a theological basis (verses of the Qur'an) related to the pattern of gender relations that have been interpreted by many classical commentators. Secondly, Wadud better understood the verses of gender relations in the family as functionalist relations. The functional relationship in question is the cooperative relationship over the distribution of rights and responsibilities between men and women based on their potential. Keywords: Hermeneutics; Amina Wadud; Gender Relations; Family.

Along with the development of the times and science, there is also a method of interpretation derived from philosophy, namely hermeneutics. Hermeneutics as a new method in the interpretation of the Qur'an is expected to be able to reveal things that cannot be known through the old method of interpretation. This study aims to examine the various hermeneutical approaches in Islamic studies. The method used in this research is literature study. The results of this study conclude that hermeneutics can be interpreted as an interpretation method that pays attention to the context of words (from a text) and the cultural context of their thoughts. Hermeneutics is divided into three varieties, namely the theory of hermeneutics which focuses its discussion on methodology, philosophy of hermeneutics whose focus is on tracing the ontological status of efforts to understand (understanding), and critical hermeneutics which emphasizes its language concerning efforts to uncover the causes of distortions in understanding. The hermeneutic method is considered to have a characteristic, namely the development of the contextualization value of a text to be studied. Hermeneutics in Islamic studies through the interpretation of the Qur’an finds a match between the verses of the Qur’an and science, which also shows the miracles of the Qur’an and its glory.

Critique and the Hermeneutics of Suspicion

This scientific article deals with the problem of the use of the hermeneutic method of obtaining knowledge of legal phenomena. The purpose of the article is to show the potential of the hermeneutic method in the field of law. In the furtherance of this goal, the following objectives were set: 1) to justify the significance of the methodological basis of jurisprudence; 2) to consider the concept of hermeneutics in the historical aspect (views of Aristotle, Wilhelm Diltey, Friedrich Schleiermacher, Friedrich Nietzsche, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Max Weber and others); 3) to analyze the views of domestic scientists who justifying the necessity of using of the hermeneutic method by the study of legal phenomena (Djangir Abbasovich Kerimov, Mikhail Mikhailovich Rassolov, Petr Moiseyevich Rabinovich, Vitaly Andreevich Suslov, Ilya Lvovich Chestnov); 4) to show weak points of the hermeneutic method in jurisprudence, arguments of opponents of this approach (Vladimir Mikhailovich Syryh, Igor Yurevich Kozlikhin, Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Zhukov and others). The result of the conducted research were the following provisions: 1) without denying some fruitfulness of the metaphysics which is the basis of the analyzed method, we notice that the hermeneutics method is not applied practically in the law because there is no the corresponding technique and it is replaced with a historical method of interpretation of legal norms. In conclusion, it should be stressed that even those scientists who placed certain research hopes on the legal hermeneutics have now begun to doubt its potential, believing that this approach of the study of the law as an independent one has not yet taken place.

“Children’s need for miracles” has been accentuated as elements appearing in the selected poems by Joanna Kulmowa, which allow the child to be amazed by the world; they are a predicator to the appearance of tutoring. The astonishment with the world, as a place full of lyricism, enables the consolidation of identity by the emergence of the child’s “I”. Not judging and classifying. Subjectivity is emphasized: the seriousness of the child’s world, understanding oneself, transforming the world, individuality, respect, acceptance, cooperation, responsibility, independence, sense of agency and dialogue. It was concluded that the main “miracle” is dialogue which: requires presence to be astonished by the world; raises the child’s responsibility for another person; cannot be deprived of love; manifests itself in the “question-cry “ for presence as a result of trust in the subject of the relationship. The objectives of the study were: to define dialogue as Bettelheim’s “miracle” in selected poems by J. Kulmowa; demonstrate that selected poems of J. Kulmowa are dialogical. The aim of the article was to: present the “miracles” in the child’s world in selected poems by Joanna Kulmowa. The method of hermeneutics was used based on the methodology of Wolfgang Klafka. It seems important that so far the selected poetry of J. Kulmowa has not been interpreted in relation to Bettelheim’s concept of “miracle” and its connection with the philosophy of dialogue, pedagogy and literary studies at the same time.

The interpretation of hadith has been developed is considered by some scholars not to address the current reality. The use of hermeneutic methods is then considered capable of addressing problems related to the hadith's interpretation. However, this method caused controversy because it originated in Greece and Christian tradition. This method needs to be highlighted from the point of view of Muhammadiyah as one of Indonesia's largest Islamic organizations. This because the interpretation of some hadiths in Muhammadiyah has some similarities to hermeneutics' method. This research aims to analyze hermeneutics' elements in the hadith interpretation by analyzing Muhammadiyah's decisions and fatwas. The method used is the study of literature with a qualitative approach. The primary data source is Himpunan Putusan Tarjih Muhammadiyah volume 3 and Tanya Jawab Agama volume 4. The data in this study was collected by the documentation method and analyzed with the content analysis method. This research shows that the interpretation of hadith in the Muhammadiyah decision and fatwa contains several hermeneutic principles. Although it contains the principle of hermeneutics, the decision and fatwa issued not through the process of analysis of the text solely by hermeneutic method but instead expanded through the ijtihad process using Tarjih Method ( Manhaj Tarjih ).

The purpose of this essay is to explore the potential influence of hegemony on the instruction of core curriculum of industrial design education in Taiwan. The research methods used include a literature study and a positive study. For the literature study, the textbooks, papers and journals related to the subject of hegemony were studied using analytic and concluding methods. By studying the literature, one can immediately gain the basic concept of the subject. With the knowledge of the basic concept, one can use the discipline of industrial design to explore the significance of the subject through the use of hermeneutic and critical method. Ultimately, one can explain the principle of the study and lead to a conclusion. Following the completion of the literature study; a positive study can be undertaken. A general survey of students with the questionnaire is conducted and a conclusion of the study is derived. In summary; our investigation of the potential influence of hegemony on the instruction of core curriculum based on the literature study and a positive study has lead to the following conclusion:(1)a positive relationship does exist between 「the ideological dimensions」and 「hegemony」; (2)「variation in teachers' background」will have a different impact on the 「feeling, expectation and cognition of students」; (3)「variation in schools' background」 will exhibit different influence on the 「feeling, expectation and cognition of students」; (4)「variation in students' background」 will have distinctive different impact on the 「feeling, expectation and cognition of students」; (5)「variation in teachers' background」also will exhibit different impact on the「types of ideology」; (6)「the students' feeling of ideology」 is capable of predicting 「the tendency of hegemony」, and (7)「the students' expectation of ideology」 can also predict 「the tendency of hegemony」.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the reception and transformation of psychoanalytic ideas in the Italian novel of the 20th–21st centuries. The study is based on a comparative analysis of two significant novels that mark different literary eras: the modernist novel "Zeno's Conscience" (La coscienza di Zeno) by Italo Svevo and the postmodernist novel "The Prague Cemetery" (Il cimitero di Praga) by Umberto Eco. The subject of this research includes psychoanalytic techniques and principles of text organization (a specific type of discourse; reference to Freud's structure of personality, the realm of the unconscious; narrative strategies) in the aforementioned novels by Svevo and Eco. The aim of the research is to reveal the specifics and evolution of the psychoanalytic paradigm in the Italian novel over the century: from a tool of self-analysis in the modernist novel (Svevo) to a method of deconstructing cultural codes and historical myths in the postmodernist novel (Eco). The methodological foundation of the research is based on key principles developed by the psychoanalytic direction of literary studies grounded in the works of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Jacques Lacan, Erich Fromm, as well as the theoretical and journalistic writings of Umberto Eco in the fields of interpretation theory, semiotics, and literary studies. The research methods include comparative, narrative, and hermeneutic methods. As a result of the analysis, types of psychoanalytic tools used by the authors were identified; it has been established that the appeal to psychoanalysis is evolutionary, reflecting a qualitatively new dimension of the novel in the 20th-21st centuries: from an individually discursive method postulating self-analysis through writing to the projection of subjective mechanisms onto mass consciousness, followed by their transformation into dominant cultural codes and normative constructs. In Svevo's novel, writing functions as a false therapy, revealing the impossibility of genuine self-analysis, while in Eco's novel, self-analysis is reinterpreted in the context of the scholar and writer's semiotic, cultural, and interpretive theories, demonstrating the mechanism of projection and exposing the reasons and methods for creating the archetype of the enemy. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identification of the psychoanalytic component in Eco's novel "The Prague Cemetery." The results obtained may be useful in research on the history of foreign literature, the poetics of modern psychological and postmodern novels. The conclusions indicate that psychoanalysis in Italian literature evolves from a method of understanding personality to a tool for interpreting historical and cultural experience.

This treatise is a qualitative research in philosophy and literary studies and it considers fake news (misinformation and disinformation) from the perspective of hate speech. It focuses on the social media as the contemporary day smart village square for all sorts of hate mongering. This is one of the ill-starred pitfalls of the bandwagon called “globalization”. The buzz word ‘globalization’ is a catchword that points to the prevailing moment in human history of civilization and development-the age of digital-micro-lization of the world space. The fulcrum of globalization is communicative technologies. The presence of advanced communicative technologies or facilities like the internet, satellite, android phones and other related smart gargets has made global communication now easy and swift; since these facilities have the capability to move information from one part of the globe to the other (within a slit-second). It is in this sense that the world is now called a global village. However, the paradox of this village square enabled by the social media networking is that it is relishing and at the same time palpably fraught. Positively, social media is accessible, interactive, immediate and relevant; negatively, one among the numerous causes for alarm is the rising misappropriation of social networking sites for hate speech. Employing analytic and hermeneutical methods, the philosophico-literary discourse critically interrogates the misappropriation of this artificial and synthetic neighborhood for the proliferation of all sorts of inciting, poisonous, destructive, divisive, manipulative and inflammable speeches. This study reveals that two fundamental factors are responsible for the thriving of hate speech in this techno-neighborhood, i. humans nowadays are gullible to the point of naïvely believing any information from the social media as true and correct; ii. lack of censorship and quality control of most social media. Consequently, the ultimate goal of the chapter is to seek for philosophically pragmatic remedy to this malady in order to advance the frontiers of this creative and emerging technology. Therefore, the researchers present a number of philosophico-literary theoretical frameworks and modalities to stern the tide of hate speech explosion in the social media.