The Uprising and Its Political Consequences (1987–1996)

This study intends to find the impact of political and catastrophic events on stock returns of Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE-100 Index). A total of forty three political and four catastrophic events have been considered from May 1998 to September 2013. Political events are further divided into two groups i.e., favorable political events and unfavorable political events. The impact is checked for political, catastrophic, favorable political and unfavorable political events for 1 day, 5 days, 10 days and 15 days event windows. The results suggest that mean returns before and after political events were different on 5 days window. Thus, political events do have an impact on stock returns, however, it does not last longer and returns are normalized afterwards. Similarly, favorable political events also have impact on stock returns only on 5 days window. Unfavorable political events show abrupt (one day) impact and 5 days impact. Catastrophic events show no impact on stock returns using 1 day, 5 days and 10 days event windows. However, the impact was observed on 15 days event window. These results indicate that Karachi Stock Exchange is inefficient in semi strong form.

This study intends to find the impact of political and catastrophic events on stock returns of Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE-100 Index). A total of forty three political and four catastrophic events have been considered from May 1998 to September 2013. Political events are further divided into two groups i.e., favorable political events and unfavorable political events. The impact is checked for political, catastrophic, favorable political and unfavorable political events for 1 day, 5 days, 10 days and 15 days event windows. The results suggest that mean returns before and after political events were different on 5 days window. Thus, political events do have an impact on stock returns, however, it does not last longer and returns are normalized afterwards. Similarly, favorable political events also have impact on stock returns only on 5 days window. Unfavorable political events show abrupt (one day) impact and 5 days impact. Catastrophic events show no impact on stock returns using 1 day, 5 days and 10 days event windows. However, the impact was observed on 15 days event window. These results indicate that Karachi Stock Exchange is inefficient in semi strong form.

Women are underrepresented at political events and the roles they assume are of minor importance. These events are unmissable forums in the annual calendar and act as a meeting point for politicians, civil society, associations, companies and academia. They are not only the stage for political discussions at the highest level and a networking opportunity, but they also set the current agenda. However, not all groups are equally represented and play the same roles. This study applies Theory of Change (ToC) approach and aims to examine the connection between specific gender equality interventions and their impact on increasing female participation in political events. We present an empirical study carried out in six political European events to study gender diversity by combining statistical, ethnographic and qualitative techniques. It not only considers the presence of women in the events but also the type and mode of their participation in them. Our results confirm the persistence of the gender gap in political events, mainly in the case of certain types of roles, such as keynote speakers, and particularly in some areas, such as security. Finally, a series of recommendations are offered to be considered before, during and after the event.

This study aimed to know the nature of the effects of digital journalism in shaping the political mental image of Turkish university professors. It also aimed to know the motives and reasons for their follow-up to digital journalism while following political events around the world. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher relied on descriptive studies, and within its framework, he used the survey method, by applying the method of a public opinion poll with the sample, and distributed the electronic questionnaire to the study sample, which numbered (103) academic professors working in the universities according to the appropriate sample method. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which was that Most Turkish professors use digital journalism to follow current political events (42.7%). The reason for following political events through digital journalism is that it displays political events quickly (29.0%). Concerning the most prominent digital arts that contribute to the formation of the political mental image, Turkish professors pointed out that the technology of “news” (AVT = 4.01) followed by video technology where “video” (AVT = 3.91) is the most prominent digital arts in forming a political mental image. As for the most prominent element that digital journalism contributes to the formation of its image, the answer was “the image of political events” (Ort. 3.99) and the “parliament” (Org = 3.40) was the lesser victory. On the effects side, “cognitive effects” came first with an average (mean = 2.42), and the item with the highest average cognitive effects “gave me detailed information about the candidates” (AVT = 2.65). The least at all was to “give me different information about MPs” (mean = 1.96). The highest average emotional impact, according to Turkish academics involved in the study, was “saturate my cognitive curiosity about political issues and events” (AVT = 2.11). The statement with the highest average behavioral influences was “It enabled me to follow the speeches and reactions of heads of state in all activities and areas” (AVT = 2.40). Finally, a low positive correlation (0.307**) was found between the effects of the general political mental image and the image of the electoral candidate (p < 0.05), in addition to a low positive correlation between the digital journalism arts and the elements of the general political mental image, where the value of (p < 0.05) was found.

This paper attempts to detect the unavoidable impacts of COVID-19 on geopolitical and financial events related to Islamic banking and the finance sector in Pakistan. It considers only those major events that triggered imbalances in the equity prices of selected Islamic banks. Employed here is the GARCH model, used to predict the volatility series using daily data from January 2007 to July 2020. The Impulse Indicator Saturation (IIS) helps to identify the structural breaks due to COVID-19, as well as the effects of political and financial events on the returns and volatility series of Islamic banks. The results indicate that all the events due to COVID-19 are significant. While 19 out of 21 political and financial events impacted the returns and volatility series, there were only 2 political events out of 18 that showed no significant effect on the returns and the volatility series. The state’s and Islamic banks’ policymakers can use these results to build an effective and sustainable financial policy regarding Islamic finance and the banking sector.

The capital market is a means for investors to invest in the long term and diversify, spread ownership of the company, and even create a healthy business climate through information disclosure. Political phenomena and events that occur in a country greatly affect the sensitivity of the capital market and can affect investors' decisions in investing in the capital market, because the political situation of a country affects the country's economic conditions. This study was determined of abnormal return and trading volume activity of South Korea’s political events. It has a ten windows period, amounts of samples were 98 companies of KRX 100 by purposive sampling technique. Analysis techniques used one-sample t-test and paired difference test. The result showed there is an abnormal return, a significant negative abnormal return difference, and no significant trading volume activity before and after South Korea’s political events. It means South Korea’s market is said to be efficient in a strong form because it is not influenced by political information and news that occurred in 2017.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of recent political events on mood among young physicians.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingUnited States medical centres.Participants2345 medical interns provided longitudinal mood data as part of the Intern Health...

The purpose of this study is to examine political and state events through examples within the event typology of Donald Getz. For this purpose, relevant literature was reviewed to address the definition of event, types of events, and event examples, and foreign-Turkish researches was obtained on this topic. After the literature review, it was observed that researches on this topic is still limited in Turkey. It was determined that the events are generally examined by cases in doctoral and master’s theses. It was also determined that foreign literature focuses on cultural and political activities and researches on these events are generally carried out within tourism discipline. In this study, first, the definitions and characteristics of the events were emphasized, then the types of these event types were explained. Second, the historical background of political and state events was addressed and then summits, royal celebrations, political events and VIP visits were discussed respectively. Current examples across the world were given for each type of these events. Finally, the relationship between political and state events and digital public relations was examined, and the adaptation of politics-related global and regional events to digital platforms was evaluated.

The outcome of the conflict in Ukraine will bring fundamental political, military, economic and social consequences, and define global and regional balance of power and fate of number of international organizations, including European Union and NATO. The aim of this paper is to analyze political and military consequences of the first year of the conflict in Ukraine for countries of Central and Eastern Europe, including the Baltic States and further development of trans-Atlantic link for European security, including development of NATO Alliance until 2030. Fundamentally different threat perception in Russian Federation and in NATO, EU countries, and Ukraine led to the beginning of military action of Russian Federation against Ukraine in February 24, 2022. Since then, military conflict in Ukraine has evolved into full-scale war on terrain of Ukraine, and increasingly negative escalation of political, military and economic relationships between Russian Federation and NATO, EU and other actors, bringing parties to nuclear standoff. War in Ukraine has brought substantial political and military endurance test for NATO and European Union. The immediate political consequences of the first year of war in Ukraine have been outlined in NATO Summit in Madrid in summer of 2022 and in NATO Agenda 2030. Continuation of NATO Open Door Policy has led to invitation of Finland and Sweden to join the Alliance thus fundamentally changing security environment in Central and Eastern Europe and the Baltic Sea Region. The Summit also declared to strengthen military posture on the Eastern flank of the Alliance thus countering hypothetical military threat of Russian Federation to the Baltic States and Central and Eastern European states. From the pure military perspective- NATO has substantially increased military support of Ukraine via creation of decision-making platform of Ramstein format as well as increasing understanding of NATO members for need to spend more resources allocated to defense. On the other hand, European Union has granted status of candidate for Ukraine, as well as provided continuous economic and financial support for Ukraine. Moreover, European Union has staged continuous and increasing policy of economic sanctions towards Russian Federation. However, despite substantial increase of political and military coherence and coordination of efforts of NATO and EU countries after the first year of the war in Ukraine, there are mounting challenges and risks. Firstly, increasing economic challenges in EU and NATO member- states which, subsequently, can lead to fundamental political consequences thus leading to diminished political and military support to Ukraine. Secondly, potential challenges for further military support of Ukraine and NATO Open Door Policy. NATO members- Turkey and Hungary-have different point of view on the enlargement of the Alliance and support of Ukraine. Thirdly, global and regional attitudes towards war in Ukraine and, predominantly, Western coalition of support for Ukraine. People’s Republic of China, India, Africa, Central and Latin America, other global and regional actors are mostly neutral towards war in Ukraine thus avoiding political and economic confrontation with Russian Federation. Yet another fundamental challenge: NATO countries are continuing to provide Ukraine with increasingly effective and sophisticated weapon systems which can lead to direct military confrontation between Russian Federation and NATO/The United States in 2023. Taking into account previously mentioned risks and challenges, it is obvious that there are several scenarios of development of war in Ukraine ranging from complete military victory for Ukraine and, subsequently, for the West to complete military victory of Russian Federation in Ukraine via long-term warfare of attrition.

Social events have affected humans throughout the history of humanity causing the formation of many new movements and thoughts. Film industry, being the seventh art form, has also been affected by current social and political events thereby becoming transformed just like all other art forms. Horror movies which were first seen along with the first examples of movies in time became a genre by itself thanks to Hollywood and includes many film varieties that best reflect these transformations. Horror movies strived on scary middle age and gothic literature and in time has been shaped by the current social and political events. New beliefs and horrors have been added to older ones which in time increased the anxiety and horror elements. Horrors of witches and inquisition were replaced by the atom bomb and doomsday which was later on replaced by serial killers. In this study, the effects of political, social and current events on horror movies will be determined by making use of critical theory. The analysis of social status will be examined in decade long intervals under the light of these findings to determine which horror elements were caused by which social events. In the political, social and agenda of events that make up most prominent effects of fear critical theory may be found. In this state that social status is based on dealing with analysis of ten-year processes that are to be examined and What kind of horror elements which social events which cause has been analysed as it is.

<p>Целью исследования является установление с помощью свободного ассоциативного эксперимента реального содержания базовой ценности Arbeit (работа) в австрийском обществе и выявление влияния политических событий на содержание ценности Автор рассматривает отражение конкретного политического события — введение 60-часовой рабочей недели в Австрии — в ассоциативном эксперименте.</p><p>Автор полагает, что содержание культурно-идеологических и социально-исторических процессов находит словесное воплощение и отражается в ассоциативно-вербальной сети индивида. Для подтверждения гипотезы было опрошено 134 носителя австрийской культуры. Эксперимент проводился в июле 2018 г., т. е. в момент проведения реформы рабочего времени в Австрии. Респондентов просили реагировать на слово-стимул Arbeit первым пришедшим на ум словом. Все ассоциации были классифицированы в соответствии с моделью ассоциативного значения В. А. Пищальниковой. Выделялись понятия, представления, эмоционально-оценочные, формально-грамматические и культурные реакции.</p><p>Доказано, что государство, политика и политические события могут оказать влияние на формирование и временное изменение ценностей, что обязательно отражается на характере ассоциативно-вербальных связей индивидов и вполне очевидно проявляется в результатах ассоциативного эксперимента.</p>

The article deals with the analysis of representation of a political event – the 2017 G20 summit in American, British, and Australian media. It is argued that the political event described in the texts of mass communication represents a discourse world, or a dynamic system of meanings that is created by journalists and interpreted by readers under the influence of a wide range of extra-linguistic factors. World-modelling potential of the political event is studied in close connection with the notion of discourse world as a conceptual representational structure of discourse, emerging around one of the major political and economic events of the past year in the totality of texts, united by the theme of summit. Discourse world of the discussed political event serves as background, against which the concept LEADER is foregrounded. The discourse-acquired characteristics of the concept are systematized. The world-modelling potential of the political event is realized as representation of the relationship between leaders-participants of the summit. It draws on relevant fragments of the context that specify frames, organized around the concept LEADER in American, British and Australian media communication. It is proved that the creation of a unique focus of the frame depends on the ideological vision of the political event by the agents of discourse.

A GEOPOLITICS OF SLOVENIA, REVIEW

The article considers the semantic function of precedent phenomena in the interpretation of a political communicative event in the texts of modern network anecdotes. The material of the study was anecdotes, which actualize the verbal formula “Whoever calls names is called that himself” used by V.V. Putin in response to a statement by Joe Biden during an interview on ABC on March 17, 2021. In the process of analyzing the material, contextual and discursive analysis techniques were used, as well as elements of Intent-analysis and general scientific methods of generalization and comparison. Since ordinary humorous communication reflects the real ideas of Russian citizens about political events in the country, an analysis of the texts of jokes will reveal stable ideas about the government and the international political situation that have developed in the public consciousness. The study reveals that in the texts of anecdotes that appeared as a reaction to the political dialogue of J. Biden and V. Putin, the most frequent are precedent phenomena dating back to children’s folklore. The analyzed cycle of anecdotes is dominated by the topic of children’s yard quarrel, with which relations between the presidents of Russia and America are associatively correlated. Fiction, history and jurisprudence became other areas-sources of precedent phenomena in anecdotes about J. Biden and V. Putin. Due to the use of precedent phenomena dating back to various sources and causing numerous associations, there is a semantic variability in the interpretation of the same political event in ordinary humorous communication.

This book was written to address my own puzzlement about the reasons for the rise of the anti-trafficking norm and all its subsequent architecture, despite the lack of solid evidence as to the nature and extent of the problem. To answer the questions, ‘why trafficking’, ‘why now’ and ‘with what political consequences’, I used the norm lifecycle model from constructivist IR to plot the evolution of this global norm. In this concluding chapter I draw together my answers to my questions and reflections on what the case study reveals about norm formation in international politics. The answers reiterate the importance of the work of moral entrepreneurs in lobbying for norm formation and the role of norms in shaping states’ identities and interests. However they also point to the importance of pre-histories, power politics and diverse interests behind norm adoption. A central reason why anti-trafficking norms are so widely adopted relates to the potential in the norm to meet state’s interests in disciplining the transnational mobility of people in the post Cold War world. As such there are harmful political and human consequences to the internalisation of trafficking norms in international politics.