Abstract

Maritime Economics includes Port, Shipbuilding and Shipping economics with two important, but unresolved so far, issues/questions: 1) Is the vessel the firm (?) and 2) Is the tanker market perfectly competitive? These issues were thoroughly analyzed. There is also the opinion of Professor Button K (2005), about maritime economists, which we considered it necessary to evaluate. A review of Prof. Goss’ paper on “early history of maritime economics” (2002), as well his entire contribution, is also carried-out as an obituary1 to his recent death. Reference is also made to Prof. Talley’s research (2013) on “maritime economics” (2001-2012) in order to show the progress of this relatively new science of applied economics. Finally, the state of the tanker market, after 1987, and till 2010, is presented to connect past with present.

Highlights

  • Goss argued that Maritime economics is the discipline “embracing seaports, and the activities of ships in seaports, and ships”... [6]

  • Button’s (2005) [21] paper, which, we thought, needed an answer. He looked into the “degree to which maritime economists really understood shipping economics”...! He argued that economic drivers behind shipping remained relatively poorly understood

  • 18This argued first by Zannetos [2]. 19The “Blackwell’s companion to Maritime Economics”, edited by Talley, 735 pages... 20British first established a cartel in the liner sea transport between India and UK in 1875. 21Marris R argued in “Economic Journal” that “the firm is the unit of delegated authority in a decentralized productive system” (p. 321: in his “why economics needs a theory of the firm”, in Supplement, 1972). 22Marginal vessel is the one having the higher average cost—a threshold—and she is the first to exit in a shipping crisis

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Summary

Introduction

Goss argued that Maritime economics is the discipline “embracing seaports, and the activities of ships in seaports, and (of) ships”... He exploited economies of scale with tankers called “supertankers” for the first time (1938) (Goulielmos, (2017b) [11]) Recognizing this need, half dozen books on shipping finance published (e.g. Stokes P., (1992) [12]). Button’s (2005) [21] paper, which, we thought, needed an answer He looked into the “degree to which maritime economists really understood shipping economics” (italics added)...! He argued that economic drivers behind shipping remained relatively poorly understood He wanted to introduce Coase’s R (1910- ) (1998) [22] theory into shipping...He wrote that shipping economists (1985-2005) possessed a better understanding of many of the underlying relationships ... He wanted to introduce Coase’s R (1910- ) (1998) [22] theory into shipping...He wrote that shipping economists (1985-2005) possessed a better understanding of many of the underlying relationships ... than their colleagues before, but for Button persistent gaps remained, due to technological and institutional changes

Literature Review
The Representative Firm
Short and Long Runs
Zannetos’ Theory Supporting a Perfectly Competitive Tanker Market
Zannetos Rejected Oligopoly
Oil Companies
Did Oil Companies Boost the Supply of Independent Tanker Owners?
Zannetos
The Ownership Tanker Pattern
How Much Pure Is “Pure” Competition?
PART III
PART IV
PART V
Defense 6 Defense
Market Fluctuations
The Fleet
Man 20
Findings
Concluding Remarks
Full Text
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