The Trump Effect on Deglobalisation: Empirical Evidence of the Cooperation Paradox amid Technological Acceleration

This scientific article examines the impact of the development of information and communication technologies on the field of management. The author examines how technological progress in the field of information technologies affects the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. Among the main problems associated with the introduction of ICT in the field of economy, the author singles out the following: difficulties in choosing the optimal software and equipment that will meet the needs of the enterprise; preservation and security of information, as a large amount of data is stored using modern technologies; the implementation of ICT requires additional investments, which becomes an important factor for many business entities. The article considers various aspects of the impact of ICT on economic activity. The author notes that the use of modern technologies allows enterprises to improve management processes, optimize production processes, reduce costs, and ensure increased profitability. The author claims that thanks to the use of digital technologies, enterprises can automate many routine processes and provide more accurate demand forecasting, inventory and production management. The article analyzes the judicial practice of the impact of the development of information and communication technologies on the sphere of business. The analysis of judicial practice shows the need to apply means of protection of commercial information that can be obtained with the help of information and communication technologies. Challenges and opportunities brought by digital technologies to enterprises in the field of economy are considered. The author notes that the development of ICT opens up new opportunities for enterprises in the market, while simultaneously presenting them with new challenges related to digital competition and cyber security. On the basis of the conducted research, conclusions were formed regarding the influence of the development of information and communication technologies on the sphere of management. The author sees the study of cyber security and its impact on business as one of the prospects for further research.

The article examines the field of information technology as a modern industry of the world economy. Information technology is an integral part of modern society and is especially relevant in the activities of everyone. Modern researches of theoretical and practical problems of development of the information technology industry are studied and analyzed. There is an interest of researchers in studying this issue. The place and role of the information technology industry in the world economy are determined. The peculiarities of the development of the IT industry in the modern economy of Ukraine are studied, the prospects of the industry are analyzed, the main problems are pointed out, possible ways out of the situation are suggested. The segmentation of the modern global market of information technologies with the detailed analysis of development of separate segments is resulted. The success of the whole sphere depends on the correct market segmentation. The article studies and presents the index of development of information and communication technologies as an indicator of the achievements of countries in this field. The methodology for calculating the index includes such parameters as the use of information and communication technologies, access to them, the practical application of technologies by the population of countries and so on. The index of development of information and communication technologies is defined as an important indicator of economic and social development of the state. The index is published regularly to track changes in dynamics. The study makes it possible to state that the development of information technology in the international market is in a state of dynamic evolution, and therefore requires further study.

The paper considers the problems consider the problems of enterprises digitalization. Based on the research of the scientific literature, it is established that enterprises in the modern world need the active introduction of information and digital technologies to ensure the competitiveness of production and active development in the future. The analysis and assessment of the use and development of communication and information technologies by domestic enterprises is carried out. According to its results, it is established that the main areas of information and communication technologies implementation in domestic enterprises are cloud computing services, sources of "big data" for the analysis of "big data", 3D printing, external links to the Internet, own websites and electronic trade via the Internet, etc. It is determined that due to the rather intensive growth of the number of enterprises in the information and communication industry, the use of their developments in production is rather insignificant. Only 5% of enterprises during the study period used all the above information technologies in their activities. Based on the analysis, the problem areas of the process of implementation and development of communication and information technologies at domestic enterprises are identified and recommendations for improving the efficiency of information and communication technologies are provided. The MatLab Statistic Toolbox built into MatLab is used to determine the trends of the impact of digital innovations and the number of information and communication enterprises on GDP.

Rapid development and implementation of modern information and communication technologies has led to a new phase of economic, scientific and technological progress. However, there is no mechanism to ensure social systems effective management based on the information technologies use due to socio-economic inequality among the population of the Russian Federation, preventing all segments of the population from benefiting scientific and technological progress results, which has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to identify the modern information technologies role in improving the living standard and the population life quality, in particular, in overcoming the working population poverty. The article analyses foreign and domestic research on this issue over the past five years. The pandemic impact on social structures, in particular the labour market and employment, has been considered. The growing importance and social networks role in public life and their use serious potential to solve the problems under study have been noted. The authors carried out a sociological survey in the Republic of Bashkortostan, on the basis of which made conclusions: modern society is characterised by the information inequality problem, which is closely linked to the economic inequality problem, which will be exacerbated by the modern information and communication technologies development; the computer illiteracy problem and the close relationship between income level and knowledge, skills in information and communication technologies, English language skills were identified among residents. The research results highlight the need to implement modern information technologies skills into poverty alleviation programmes.

B a c k g r o u n d . The history of mankind is a history of warfare, during which the tools and procedures of warfare have been constantly improved. On the scale of human history, the history of modern mines is short, barely two centuries. Despite this relatively short period, landmines have become a global problem for humanity, causing long-lasting social, environmental, and economic consequences. Despite advances in scientific and technological progress, there is still no method that fully meets international mine action standards. In most cases, the development of related information technologies, in particular geographic information systems (GIS), has remained largely on the sidelines and auxiliary, although it is certainly promising. M e t h o d s . General scientific and specialized research methods were employed. The semantic approach was used to clarify the concept and subject area of GIS. The historical approach examined the stages of GIS development and their periodization. The definition method identified the subject area of GIS applications in humanitarian demining. The analysis and evolutionary approach explored examples of GIS applications at different stages of humanitarian demining and their improvements alongside the development of GIS and related technologies. Geographic information technologies for spatial analysis and modelling were applied to solve practical problems of humanitarian demining at various stages. Finally, induction and analysis were used to draw conclusions about the current state, trends, and prospects of GIS applications in humanitarian demining. R e s u l t s . Examples of the application of GIS solutions and spatial analysis methods at different stages of humanitarian demining are presented. The impact of GIS innovations on humanitarian demining is highlighted. The current state of GIS applications in humanitarian demining and prospects for further development are also discussed. C o n c l u s i o n s . GIS has become an effective and reliable tool for ensuring comprehensive information provision with relevant spatial data at all stages of humanitarian demining. The initial use of GIS was primarily focused on assisting with non-technical surveys. The current stage of development is characterized by an active search for spatial methods to analyze geodata obtained from UAVs and remote sensing for technical surveys. The development of spatial data infrastructures and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) methods with GIS analytical functions appear particularly promising.

The purpose of this paper is two-folds. First, we examine the direction and the magnitude of substitutability or complementarity between information- and communication-related capital stock and various labor inputs to know about differential impacts of information and com-munication technology on labor demand. In this way, we can obtain information about what segments of workers information and communication technology can effectively substu-tute for. Second, we estimate contribution of information- and communication-related capital stock and various labor inputs on the value-added growth of the Japanese economy in the recent turbulent era (1980s and 1990s) and explore factors determining technological progress. In particular, we investigate whether rapid accumulation of information-related capital stock has a positive effect on technological progress, examining IT externality. We also discern the effect of compositional changes in labor inputs on technological progress, examining the inflexibility issue and IT-induced technological obsolescence issue. Three remarkable facts emerge from our result with respect to substitutability/complementarity issues. First, IT capital stocks are shown to be significant substitutes for young workers with a low education level, whereas old workers with a low education level are consistently quasi-fixed in all industries under investigation. Second, IT capital stocks have complemen-tary relationship with workers with a high education level in many industries. Third, workers with a high education level and those with a low education level are substitutes. These all suggest that IT investment and human capital accumulation are of utmost importance to overcome possible shortage (in relative terms) of young workers with a low education level caused by rapidly aging population. As for IT externality, we find at first positive correlation between IT stocks and techno-logical progress in manufacturing, suggesting a strong externality effect of IT capital stocks. In the first glance it is very promising, since this suggests that this IT externality can be used for boosting productivity growth. However, the correlation is not robust. First, if non-manufacturing industries are included, the correlation vanishes. Second, if Electrical Machinery is excluded from the sample of manufacturing, the correlation also vanishes. Thus, we fail to discern clear-cut evidence for IT externality. Thus, the proposition that IT revolutioncan pop up productivity growth and can counter the pressure of aging population is not supported by our data, although investment in IT-producing industries is surely an important driving force for economic growth through substitution effects. As for the effect of labor force composition on the rate of technological progress, the results do not support that the inflexible old worker hypothesis of productivity slowdown. There is no correlation between the rate of technological progress and the ratio of old workers with low education in the total labor inputs. However, the results suggest that information technology development in the 1990s has a negative impact on the past strength of the Japanese economy: productivity increase through high-education workers' learning by doing. In manufacturing industries where Japan has been strong, the rate of technological progress in the 1980s has positive (though weak) correlation with maturing high-education labor force. That is, the ratio of old well-educated workers in the total labor inputs has a positive (though weak) effect on technological progress. This suggests that the increased average skill among well-educated workers due to longer experience has a positive effect to improve productivity. However, the relationship changes significantly in the 1990s, and we have rather negative relationship. The nature of technological progress apparently changed adversely.

The article is concerned with the main trends of technical and technological development, which are characteristic of the world economy in the 21st century. The facts of economic history relating to technical and technological development demonstrate the periodic change in technological leadership of certain countries of the world. The system of indicators is singled out, on the basis of which the country’s place in the global technological space is diagnosed, as well as the forecasting of further trends in its development on the path of scientific and technological progress is carried out. Based on the world rankings on the total domestic costs of science, their share in the gross domestic product of the country, the cost of R&D per researcher (equivalent to full employment) shows the provisions of individual countries as to financial support of technical and technological development. The research potential is described on the basis of such indicator as the total number of researchers in a particular country. It is demonstrated that these indicators, describing in its totality the level of provision of a particular country with financial and labor resources, through which new knowledge is created, do not always indicate its success. With the involvement of the indicators of research and patent activity (which reflect the number of published articles and submitted applications for patents), as well as the global index of innovations, plus the index of development of information and communication technologies (which characterize the result of technical and technological development achieved by the country), the directions of advancement of countries in terms of technology and technology are determined. It is identified that the provision of resources for the production of new knowledge is a necessary, but insufficient condition for obtaining technological primacy in the world. It is proposed to evaluate the positions achieved by the country on the path of technical and technological development through the formation of an internal indicator, which reflects both its provision of resources for the production of new knowledge and the degree of return on their use. It is proved that this approach to the evaluation of technical and technological development allows to obtain more thorough information about its sources and factors, as well as to identify weaknesses on which the country should focus to promote scientific and technological progress.

The article examines the essence of the information society and emphasizes that the information society in the context of development and transformational changes of the modern information and communication paradigm is at the stage of reformatting institutional relationships. It is emphasized that the development of information technologies and the strengthening of innovative factors directly affect the socio-economic processes in society. In modern economic conditions, information is an important key strategic resource, the competitive place and market value of any enterprise and organization, as well as the development of society, the state, and the individual, depend on its attraction, analysis, and effective use. Different views on the interpretation of the definition «information society» are considered. At the same time, it is noted that there is a lack of a single point of view regarding the definition of the essence of the information society and the key characteristics and features of development. It was concluded that when interpreting the definition of «information society» it is necessary to take into account its global nature and constant transformations in the field of formation of information networks and systems. The analysis of economic concepts and theories regarding the formation and development of new communication technologies was carried out. It is noted on the features of the information society from the point of view of sociology, humanitarian and technocratic concepts. The key factors influencing the functioning and development of the information society are analyzed. It is noted that the development of information and communication technologies has caused the multifaceted manifestations of the essence of the information society. The processes of globalization and digitalization contribute to a faster transition from a post-industrial society to an information society. The influence of digitalization on the format of business conduct, as well as the results of the economic activity of business organizations, was also investigated. It was concluded that information technologies change the values, views, priorities of all subjects of economic relations. Acute issues related to the protection of information and personal data on all subjects of economic relations at both the macro and micro levels are analyzed. It is noted that issues of data and information protection are primarily in the legal and law enforcement sphere. The impact of digital inequality on the economic development of various regions of the world and ways to reduce the digital divide in the information society are considered. It was determined that in countries with a high level of economic development, there are trends towards a wider use of information and communication technologies in the economic sphere of states and regions, as well as in the everyday lives of citizens. It is noted that in the conditions of digitization of all spheres of society, new transformational changes are taking place in the formation and development of the information society.

Methods. The scientific results presented in this article were obtained through the use of such research methods as the method of analysis when identifying factors restraining the development of the Ukrainian market of information and communication technologies, the method of comparisons – when clarifying the differences in the influence of the IT sector on the pre-war the economy of Ukraine and its functioning in a state of war; general and specific – when establishing the specifics of the development of the market of information and communication technologies in wartime conditions. Results. The state of the market of information and communication technologies during the war period was studied within the framework of macroeconomic indicators from the point of view of meaningful content and market interaction. The dynamics of the domestic market of information technologies before the war were analyzed and the impact of the IT sector on the economy of Ukraine during the war was considered. It was found that the level of technological development determines not only the economic potential of the country, but also the role and place of this country in the global society, the scope and prospects of its economic and political integration with the whole world. Based on the results of the study, the internal obstacles faced by the Ukrainian information technology sector during the war period were assessed. The implementation of best practices, in particular in the areas of development, implementation and use of information technologies, products and services, is proposed, subject to proper scientific, technical and legal support for the reform of the information technology sector. It was established that the Ukrainian market of information and communication technologies is in a phase of slow development in the conditions of war. The problems of today, which restrain the development of the market of information and communication technologies, are given. Recommendations are provided for further activation of the market of information and communication technologies, taking into account the fact that the activity is conducted in conditions of war. Novelty. The article identifies the specifics of the impact of the information and communication technology sector on the national economy in the pre-war period and during the war. The main trends in the development of information and communication technologies in Ukraine and investment opportunities in this sector are analyzed. The importance of the sector of information and communication technologies for achieving progressive changes in the national economy in the post-war period is determined. Practical value. The practical role of information and communication technologies as a factor in GDP growth is substantiated. The dynamics of the development of the ICT market of Ukraine were analyzed, there was made a comparison of the development in the pre-war period and during the war. The main trends in the development of the country's IT sphere during the war period have been identified. Prospective directions for further implementation at the national level in the post-war period are presented.

This article presents an empirical analysis of the link between technological leadership and the use of information and communication technologies. This paper aims to formalize the factors that determine the country’s potential for technological leadership. The methodological toolkit for analyzing the link between the development of information and communication technologies and the technological leadership of the country is the methods of panel regression analysis: the fixed effects model, the random effects model, the Hausman test for correlated random effects, the combined regression model with dummy variables, the Wald test and the model fixed effects with dummy variables. The information base of the research is World Bank data, data files of national accounts of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and Eurostat data. The object of the study is the data of ten countries of the world (Brazil, India, China, South Africa, South Korea and Turkey, France, Germany, Italy and Spain), the period of the study is 2008-2016 years. The indicator of innovative development of the country, which is evaluated by the number of issued patents, was used as a dependent variable. The influence of factor indicators is considered in terms of four components: entrepreneurship (the number of new enterprises founded in the country during the fiscal year), export of high-tech goods (the share of the export of high-tech goods in the total export of goods according to 2007 data), GDP per capita (in US dollars for according to 2010 data), startups (number of registered startups). According to the results of building a model with fixed effects, a positive relationship between the technological leadership of the country and the development of information and communication technologies has been proven. In addition, the results of empirical calculations prove that the share of export of high-tech goods in the total export of countries is insignificant during the analyzed period. The study proves the essential role of information and communication technologies in technological progress and empirically confirms the potential difference in profits between manufacturers and exporters of technological products.

The development of modern information and communication technologies has led to the emergence of qualitatively new conditions for the functioning of the higher education system. This necessitates the study of how informatization affects the transformation of both formal and content-related aspects of the educational process. It is expected that graduates of higher education institutions must acquire proficiency in modern information technologies to ensure successful professional activities in the digital society. The modern world of information technologies influences all spheres of human activities, including translation. The advancement of digital technologies, machine translation, and computer-assisted translation is significantly transforming the professional activities of translators, enabling increased speed, efficiency, and quality of work. In the digital age, where globalization and technological progress are integral to professional life, the role of the translator is becoming increasingly in demand, especially in the academic field. This article explores the main information and communication technologies used in translation practice, highlighting their advantages and limitations. It analyzes current scientific research and publications, outlines prospects, tasks, and directions for further study. The article presents descriptions, recommendations, and practical examples of software applications in various fields of translation, as well as the use of cloud storage technologies and online tools. The information provided will acquaint higher education students with key trends and competencies required for successful translation practice. The requirements for machine translation differ from those for human translation. Although computer-generated translation is not perfect, it helps to grasp the general meaning of the text. However, machine-translated texts must be edited by a professional translator. Therefore, modern scientific and technological progress and educational goals call for new approaches to the training of translation specialists, in response to the growing volume of new information, the complexity of tasks requiring creative solutions, and the variety of forms and methods of work. Special training of highly qualified translators in higher education institutions is an urgent need.

Conceptual foundations of organizational and economic support for the development of enterprises in the hospitality industry have been developed, taking into account the level of use of information and communication technologies. It has been determined that the main results of the influence of information technologies on the hospitality industry are the optimization of business processes, as well as the transformation of the target consumer of hospitality services. The types of information and communication technologies are systematized depending on the direction of the business processes of the cycle of providing hospitality services. It has been substantiated that through the active use of information and communication technologies, hospitality industry enterprises satisfy the needs of customers in full in accordance with modern requirements. The relationship was established between the results of assessing the level of organizational and economic support for the development of information and communication technologies and the strategic choice of enterprises in the hospitality industry. Three types of strategies are identified – information expansion, improvement, retention and further development – depending on the low, medium and high level of development of information and communication technologies, respectively. The directions of increasing the level of development of information and communication technologies of the hospitality industry at different levels are proposed. The developed theoretical and methodological provisions can be useful in the formation of the concept of strategic development of the hospitality industry. The use of the proposed toolkit reflects the results, both quantitatively (increasing demand for hospitality services, improving financial performance, etc.) and in a qualitative form (improving the quality of service, creating a positive image, etc.).

Introduction: with the scientific and technological progress, the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), the academic and social needs, the anxious world and the stress in the students, it is increasingly difficult and complicated to maintain a high performance. cognitive, psychic and optimal mental. Objective: to identify factors related to stress due to academic overload in first, second- and third-years high school students according to current regulations in Ecuador. Method: a methodology with a quantitative approach, with a descriptive scope, was applied. In addition, the Academic Stress Scale was used, which evaluates eight dimensions: Methodological deficiencies of the teaching staff, academic overload of the student, academic performance, interventions in public, exams, lack of value of the contents, participation difficulties. The questionnaire integrates 54 items; the response method integrates a 5-point Likert-type estimation scale. The instrument was applied to 110 students from the city of Latacunga in Ecuador. Multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze sociodemographic data. Results: the results indicate that the factors related to academic stress are information management, the dimension of academic performance in students, exams and interventions in public, to which the students of the investigated educational institution are subjected. Conclusions: students face various difficulties to execute the demands of the tasks. They are closely related to academic and performance stress, including those linked to human subjectivity such as emotions, feelings and experiences

The development of technology in the current era is very rapid, this directly changes people's needs and lifestyles, the development of information and communication technology includes two aspects, namely information technology and communication technology, in general information technology and communication technology for learning aims to make students understand technological devices information and communication in general, including computer (literacy) and information literacy, which means students recognize the terms used in information and communication technology. Information and communication technology is very necessary in learning in the current era. With the principles of using ticks that are effective and efficient, optimal, interesting and stimulate creativity, ticks have become one of the learning media that is widely used in various fields of education because it can increase effectiveness and efficiency in the learning process.

The development of information and communication technology is increasing in accordance with the changing times and needs of today's society, so that almost any activity or work is already subject and applying information technology and communication. The development of information technology and impact to the world of education, so that the public interest to major in computer informatics include Computer Network, Audio Visual, Graphic Design, Information Technology, etc. continue to increase both the level of high school or college level. Many enthusiasts of computer majors resulted in strong competition for the graduates to get jobs, so it needs no efforts to improve the skills and graduate students majoring in computer that does not merely want to find a job but was able to create job. STMIK Kaputama continue to perform activities of teaching, research and community service, see the strong competition of graduates and the needs of society Binjai and surrounding areas, lecturer STMIK Kaputama feel compelled to carry out community service to improve the skills of students SMKTunasPelita and AbdiNegara in the form of training computer assembly, installation of operating systems and installation of local networks and the internet to build a network of internet cafes, offices and internet village in increasing independence. With their training computer assembly, installation of operating systems and the installation of local networks and the Internet, it is expected students SMKTunasPelita and SMKAbdiNegara can further enhance the skills and entrepreneurial spirit so that they are capable of self-employed at the same time create jobs specifically to be able to receive computer repair and network cafe, internet network of offices and internet networks into the village. In addition to their entrepreneurial spirit, especially rural society also helped that the acceleration of information and communication can be further increased.