The toxic effect of gallic acid on biochemical factors, viability and proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was compensated by boric acid

Abstract

ObjectiveGallic acid (GA) and boron are found in many plants. Our previous studies showed 6 ng/ml boric acid (BA) had positive effect on biochemistry of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, we investigate the effect of different doses of GA alone and in the presence of BA on MSCs. Materials and methodsthe viability of MSCs was assayed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue at 12, 24 and 36 h in presence of different concentration of GA. Then 30 and 120 μM of GA as well as 6 ng/ml of BA in 36 h were selected for further study. The proliferation, Morphology, sodium and potassium level, concentration of calcium, activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were estimated. ResultResults showed GA alone reduced viability, proliferation, nuclear diameter and cytoplasm area. In addition, GA showed anaerobic metabolic shift but no change in MDA and scavenging enzymes. Both concentration of GA caused elevation of FRAP, whereas only at 120 μM increased the sodium-potassium and reduced calcium. The co-treatment of GA and BA improves the viability, proliferation and morphology of the cells. In addition, co-treatment compensated the metabolic shift caused by GA and could balance the potassium level and FRAP as it was raised by GA. ConclusionAlthough GA content of tea is harmful to the cells but simultaneous consumption of fruits and vegetables as a rich source of boron might compensate the damaging effect of GA.