The Temporomandibular Joint Compromise (TMJC) as a Cause of Otoneurological Symptoms: Headaches, Dizziness and Tinnitus.

El compromiso articular temporomandibular como causa de cefaleas agudas y crónicas y otros síntomas otoneurológicos

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder in people with Parkinson’s disease in a public university hospital, and relate it to sociodemographic factors, general health and oral health self-report, and phase and time of illness. Methods: the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders were used. The sample was classified according to the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder and associated with the variables. The odds ratio of Chi-square was applied with a 95% confidence interval and a level of significance set at p<0.05. Results: 110 people presented with Parkinson's disease were assessed. The prevalence of temporomandibular disorder was 35%, being more frequent among males (58%), in elderly people (53%), in phase 2 of the disease (61%), click (37%) being the predominant clinical indication. Of the variables analyzed, only gender and self-perception of oral health showed to be associated with temporomandibular disorders. Conclusion: the presence of temporomandibular disorder has been observed in people with Parkinson's disease, and the fact of being male and reporting moderate oral health seen as associated factors.

To analyze the prevalence of various clinical forms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and cervicalgia in episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). Ninety patients with CM and 42 patients with EM as defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-3 beta were recruited. TMD and sleep bruxism were diagnosed according to the DC/TMD criteria and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-R), respectively. Myofascial pain was the most prevalent form of TMD in both EM and CM. The prevalence of TMD was higher in CM as compared to EM (60% vs. 21.4%, respectively, p=0.0001). The prevalence of bruxism was comparable across EM and CM (14.3% vs. 28.8%, respectively, p=0.08) and significantly lower than that of TMD in the CM population (28.8% vs. 60%, respectively, p=0.0001). Frequent cervicalgia (≥15 days per month) was reported by 65.5% and 21.4% of CM and EM patients, respectively (p=0.0001); 44.4% of CM patients reported neck pain immediately before or during migraine attacks only, 14.4% during the headache and interictal phases. The higher prevalence of pain-related TMD and cervicalgia in CM population compared to EM and the general population was shown. In CM, myofascial pain and tenderness in the masticatory and neck muscles may be caused by central sensitization (CS) with no link to temporomandibular joint or spinal pathology. Myofascial TMD and neck muscle dysfunction are an integral part of CM pathophysiology underlying headache chronification.

Differential diagnosis of facial pain and guidelines for management

To investigate overlaps between headache and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a clinical headache population and to describe the prevalence of TMD in headache patients, 99 patients referred to a specialized headache centre were diagnosed according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) and classified in headache groups according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition for headache diagnoses in a blinded design. The prevalence of TMD in the headache population was 56.1%. Psychosocial dysfunction caused by TMD pain was observed in 40.4%. No significant differences in TMD prevalence were revealed between headache groups, although TMD prevalence tended to be higher in patients with combined migraine and tension-type headache. Moderate to severe depression was experienced by 54.5% of patients. Patients with coexistent TMD had a significantly higher prevalence of depression-most markedly in patients with combined migraine and tension-type headache. Our studies indicate that a high proportion of headache patients have significant disability because of ongoing chronic TMD pain. The trend to a higher prevalence of TMD in patients with combined migraine and tension-type headache suggests that this could be a risk factor for TMD development. A need for screening procedures and treatment strategies concerning depression in headache patients with coexistent TMD is underlined by the overrepresentation of depression in this group. Our findings emphasize the importance of examination of the masticatory system in headache sufferers and underline the necessity of a multidimensional approach in chronic headache patients.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this epidemiological study was to assess the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in undergraduate students at CMH Lahore Medical College (CMH-LMC) and Institute of Dentistry (IOD) using Fonseca’s questionnaire. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted. A questionnaire was distributed among 644 undergraduate students attending CMH Lahore Medical College (CMH-LMC) and Institute of Dentistry (IOD). The questionnaire had some general questions regarding medical and dental history requiring responses in yes or no and it had 10 specific questions regarding the temporomandibular joint with response options yes, sometimes & no which were allocated scores 10, 5 and 0 respectively. The sum of points was used to classify participants into TMD free, mild, moderate, and severe temporomandibular disorders (TMD). RESULTS: The prevalence of TMD was found to be 62%. Among all the participants almost 37% were TMD free, 43% students suffered from Mild TMD, 18% students had moderate TMD and 1% students suffered from severe TMD. CONCLUSION: The Fonseca’s questionnaire can be used as an effective tool in assessment of prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders. Public health services should adopt the questionnaire for screening, as information can be obtained in a relatively short period and at a low cost for a wide population. KEYWORDS: Fonseca’s questionnaire, Temporomandibular disorders, Orofacial pain, Cervicofacial muscles.

The prevalence and clinical characteristics of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the Mediterranean region of Türkiye have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of TMD in a sample of the population in this region and to characterize the clinical findings related to TMD. Methods: Four hundred and one participants were included in this study. “Presence of TMD” in the participants was evaluated using the Fonseca Anamnestic Index. Through clinical examination, the findings in the participants were classified as limited mouth opening, deviation, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds, TMJ pain, and muscle pain. Results: The prevalence of TMD was found to be 66.8%, with “Mild TMD” being the most frequent diagnosis among the participants. Clinical findings related to TMD were detected in 48.6% of the participants, and TMJ sounds were the most common clinical finding. TMD was most commonly found in participants over the age of 52, and clinical findings related to TMD were most common in participants between the ages of 25 and 38. In addition, a relationship was found between “Presence of clinical findings” and the gender and age of the participants (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Conclusion: The results show that females may be more prone to TMD than males. During clinical examinations, it should be considered that “Presence of clinical findings” may be related to gender and age.

Objective:The aim of the current investigation was to study the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) among university students of North Saudi Arabia.Methods:A specifically constructed questionnaire was distributed to 489 university students to investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) findings among them. The study sample consisted of 346 males and 143 females (age range was 18–25 years). The data were analyzed, and probability values were set at p ≤ 0.05.Results:A total of 49.7% of participants had at least one sign or symptom of TMD. Clicking was the most reported finding. Pain in or about the ears/cheeks was the second most common finding. In all, 24.3% of the participants reported one TMJ finding; meanwhile, 0.4% reported the presence of five concurrent TMJ signs and symptoms. Females reported more TMJ signs and symptoms than males (p < 0.05). Science and health students reported more TMD findings than humanitarian college students (p < 0.05).Discussion:University students in north Saudi Arabia reported high prevalence of TMD. Also, students from science and health colleges reported higher prevalence of TMD findings than humanitarian college students. Clicking and pain are the most prevalent findings of TMD among university students. The results of this investigation highlight the need for additional research to shed more light on the risk factors and findings related to TMD. This will facilitate drawing adequate guidelines for prevention and management of TMD.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are the most common non-dental orofacial pain conditions. Due to the potential elevated risk of TMD in bodybuilders and the lack of research in the Iranian population, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of TMDs and oral behaviors and compare associated variables among Iranian bodybuilders for the first time. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 378 bodybuilders aged 18–60 years old who had been actively training for at least 6 months. The prevalence and severity of TMD were assessed using the Fonseca questionnaire, while oral parafunctional behaviors were evaluated using an Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC). Ultimately, the study results were analyzed using the Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and Pearson correlation. The results of the Fonseca questionnaire showed that 48.2% of the participants have TMD. No significant relationship was found between the prevalence and severity of TMD and age, gender, months of bodybuilding, number of training hours per week, the heaviest weight used in the bench press, and Body Mass Index (BMI). According to the results of the OBC, 100.0% of the participants had oral parafunctional behaviors, and a significant relationship was observed between oral parafunctional behaviors and gender (P = 0.047) and the heaviest weight used in the bench press exercise (P = 0.002). According to the study, a significant correlation was observed between the prevalence of TMD and the prevalence of oral parafunctional behaviors (P = 0.02, r = 0.245). About half of the bodybuilders have TMD, and all of them have oral parafunctional behaviors.

Objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and acceptance or nonacceptance of such disorders in adult patients attending all public dental health services in the County of Sörmland, Sweden, during a 3-year period, 2011–2013.Methods: Two questions were asked about TMD and the voluntary mouth-opening capacity was measured. The results were registered in a score 0–3. The registration was completed with a question about each patient’s acceptance or nonacceptance of their condition.Results: More than 73,000 registrations of the TMD condition were performed in general dental clinics from 2011 to 2013. The mean prevalence of a TMD score of 1–3 was 5% and was consistent over these years. Seventy percent of these patients were women. The peak prevalence of TMD was registered in patients aged 30–45 years (38%), and the frequency declined in older age groups. Reduced voluntary mouth-opening capacity (≤35 mm) was found in less than 2% of the participants. About one-fifth of the patients with a TMD-score of 1–3 did not accept their condition and wanted professional care. The frequency of nonacceptance of the condition increased with the severity of symptom score: 15%, 27%, and 49% for scores 1, 2, and 3, respectively.Conclusions: This study shows that the prevalence of self-reported TMD in adult patients was consistent from 2011 to 2013 and should be considered as a public health issue in Sweden. Patients with more severe TMD pain symptoms wanted care more frequent. The annual clinical calibrations should be continued to achieve an acceptable level of registration.

Rationale: For many years, temporomandibular disorder (TMD) has been studied primarily by dentists and maxillofacial surgeons. However, new data is emerging that TMD is comorbid with various types of headache; however this association has not been studied in detail. Aim: To analyze TMD prevalence and clinical structure in patients with migraine. Materials and methods: We assessed 84 patients with chronic migraine (CM) and 42 patients with episodic migraine (EM). TMD was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Clinical Protocol and Assessment Instruments 2014. We also performed subgroup analysis for low-frequency EM (less than 4 headache days per month, LFEM) vs. high-frequency EM and CM (over 10 headache days per month, HFEM + CM). Results: In both groups, myofascial pain was the most prevalent form of TMD. The prevalence of TMD was higher in CM as compared to EM (52.4% vs. 28.6%, correspondingly, р = 0.02). Even more evident differences were observed between LFEM and HFEM + CM (18.2% vs. 51.6%, correspondingly, р &lt; 0.009). The difference was significant for painrelated TMD only. The prevalence of bruxism was comparable across LFEM and HFEM + CM (18% vs. 30.5%, correspondingly, р = 0.3) and significantly lower than TMD prevalence in HFEM + CM (30.5% vs. 51.6%, correspondingly, p = 0.005). The anxiety level in patients with and without TMD was also comparable (8.1 ± 4.1 vs. 8.3 ± 4.7, correspondingly, р = 0.8). Conclusion: CM patients have a high prevalence of pain-related TMD (52.4%). The prevalence of TMD in LFEM is comparable to that in the general population. The presence of bruxism or anxiety cannot be associated with a high TMD prevalence in our patients. In CM, pain in the masticatory muscles may be caused by anti-nociceptive dysfunction, mirroring central sensitization and disrupted descending modulation of pain.

Temporomandibular joint disorder prevalence in resident physicians at the Specialties Hospital «La Raza» National Medical Center

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the muscles of mastication and/or associated structures. TMD is a multi-factorial disorder, commonly associated with dental, medical and mental conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of TMD symptoms among university students. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study for 500 university students (251 male and 249 female) aged 17- 25 years old. The data were collected using a pretested designed questionnaire and clinical examination. Results: Clicking was found to be the most prevalent symptom followed by tenderness, whereas limitation and deviation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was the least prevalent. Students that live with their families and those who live under stressful conditions were more affected by temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Conclusion: The prevalence of TMD among Sudanese university students was high, clicking was found to be the most common symptom. The results are frightening and require further more comprehensive studies to recognize the risk factors associated with TMD in order to ascertain procedures for anticipation and treatment.

The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in children and adolescents is not well-known. This is partly because TMD is not often diagnosed in children and partly because there is no agreed-upon definition of TMD. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that there are gender differences in the prevalence and presentation of TMD in adult. The aim was to assess the prevalence of TMDs in subjects aged 8-19 evaluated with Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD) and to assess gender differences. PubMed, Web of Science and Lilacs were systematically searched until 30 November 2022, to identify studies presenting children and adolescents patients affected by TMDs. Out of 40 papers, three studies were included. The included subjects in this review were 1914 (1093 female and 821 male). Seven hundred and thirty-six on 1914 patients (38.4%) presented TMD. Among 1093 female, 489 (44.7%) presented TMD, while 247/821 male (30%) experienced TMD. Meta-analysis revealed that the female had a higher TMD prevalence than male (RR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.21-3.65). TMD prevalence in children and adolescence varies between 20% and 60%. Female had a higher prevalence of TMDs compared to male.

Introduction. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term for numerous symptoms, with the most common being masticatory muscle pain, pain in temporomandibular joints, limited mouth opening, irregular jaw movements, headaches and sound effects in TMJ. The aim was to determine the prevalence and severity of TMD in orthodontic patients determining whether the type of malocclusion affects the prevalence and severity of TMD. Material and Methods. The study was conducted in the form of Fonseca Anamnestic Index, which classifies TMD severity among examinees (no TMD, mild, moderate and severe TMD). The experimental group consisted of orthodontic patients with confirmed malocclusions, while the control group consisted of dental students with a Class I occlusion and no need for orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic patients were classified into the three subgroups based on malocclusions. Results. In the experimental group, 45.03% of orthodontic patients had some degree of TMD, while among students, that percentage was 56.41%. Compared to Class I, higher percentage of TMD was found among patients with distal and mesial occlusion in experimental group. In the experimental and control groups, the greatest percentage of participants showed mild TMD. The prevalence of TMD was greater in females than in males in the experimental group. Conclusion. The high prevalence of TMD in the control group speaks in favor of its complex etiology, with stress having an important role. Malocclusion is one of many factors which can contribute to the occurrence and severity of TMD, but it cannot be considered the most significant.