Abstract
Neurogenesis timing is an essential developmental mechanism for neuronal diversity and organization throughout the central nervous system. In the mouse spinal cord, growing evidence is beginning to reveal that neurogenesis timing acts in tandem with spatial molecular controls to diversify molecularly and functionally distinct post-mitotic interneuron subpopulations. Particularly, in some cases, this temporal ordering of interneuron differentiation has been shown to instruct specific sensorimotor circuit wirings. In zebrafish, in vivo preparations have revealed that sequential neurogenesis waves of interneurons and motor neurons form speed-dependent locomotor circuits throughout the spinal cord and brainstem. In the present review, we discuss temporal principals of interneuron diversity taken from both mouse and zebrafish systems highlighting how each can lend illuminating insights to the other. Moving forward, it is important to combine the collective knowledge from different systems to eventually understand how temporally regulated subpopulation function differentially across speed- and/or state-dependent sensorimotor movement tasks.
Highlights
IntroductionInterneuron (IN) circuits in the spinal cord are essential for patterned, rhythmic and flexible motor control
Brain Repair Center, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Abstract: Neurogenesis timing is an essential developmental mechanism for neuronal diversity and organization throughout the central nervous system
We focus on mouse and zebrafish model systems to explore how temporal controls of differentiation contribute to spinal IN diversity and corresponding behavioural flexibility
Summary
Interneuron (IN) circuits in the spinal cord are essential for patterned, rhythmic and flexible motor control. The spinal cord is comprised of vastly heterogeneous IN populations defined by unique molecular identities, intrinsic properties, connectivity and functional outputs. This IN diversity enables the spinal cord to coordinate varied movement schemes through dynamic environments. Neurogenesis timing is an essential developmental mechanism for neuronal diversity and organization throughout the central nervous system [9,10] Likewise, it plays an instructive role in the development of IN circuits within the spinal cord [11]. Neurogenesis timing has been linked to post-mitotic molecular expression profiles, intrinsic membrane properties, circuit connectivities and behaviour-specific recruitments throughout IN populations in the spinal cord. We focus on mouse and zebrafish model systems to explore how temporal controls of differentiation contribute to spinal IN diversity and corresponding behavioural flexibility
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