Abstract
BackgroundBiological methods of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contamination elimination typically involve the transformation of contaminants to non-toxic materials by microorganisms and plants and appear to be the most effective methods available.MethodsIn this study, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus mojavensis isolated from oil-contaminated soils were inoculated onto Festuca arundinacea seeds before planting in the pot and 3 weeks after planting by syringe injection into the rhizospheric zone in order to study the elimination of PAHs from Festuca’s rhizosphere in the greenhouse. Some physical and chemical properties of the soil, PAH concentrations, seeds germination percentage, root and shoot biomasses of the treated samples were examined.ResultsThe results showed that the treated samples inoculated with both bacteria had a significantly higher percentage of seed germination and root and shoot biomass compared to other treatments. The concentration of some PAHs reduced significantly (Pvalue < 0.05) in the rhizosphere of the treated samples inoculated with both bacteria compared to in contaminated soils. Concentrations of some PAHs (eg. Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Benzo[a]anthracene and Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene) even reached below the detection limit of the method. The PAHs concentrations in the treated samples inoculated with bacteria was decreased significantly (Pvalue < 0.05). Therefore, the results showed the high efficiency of the Festuca and bacterial inoculation in eliminating PAHs from the soil.ConclusionAccording to the results, the partnership of Festuca with B. licheniformis and B. mojavensis isolates displayed positive effect on PAHs dissipation and can be effective cleanup technology with high performance.
Highlights
Biological methods of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contamination elimination typically involve the transformation of contaminants to non-toxic materials by microorganisms and plants and appear to be the most effective methods available
Measurement of PAH concentrations The present study examined 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, that is, Naphthalene, Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Phenanthrene, Chrysene, Anthracene, Benzo[a]anthracene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, Benzo[ghi]perylene
Rhizoremediation process is an appropriate method for eliminating PAHs from the soil
Summary
Biological methods of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contamination elimination typically involve the transformation of contaminants to non-toxic materials by microorganisms and plants and appear to be the most effective methods available. PAHs are aromatic compounds with two or more benzene rings. The common sources of these compounds in the environment might be human activities, wildfire, oil spills and volcanoes. These compounds are known as toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic pollutants [2] and can not eliminate from the environment under natural conditions; and as their molecular weight increases, their resistance to degradation increases. Due to their widespread presence in the air, soil and sediments, they. One of the bioremediation strategies is phytoremediation which is the use of plants for contaminant removal from
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