The surface and phase analysis studies on dental bioceramics subjected to different mouthrinse solutions

Abstract

In this study, three bioceramic materials, [IPS Empress® CAD (Ivoclar), IPS e.max® CAD (Ivoclar), and Lava Ultimate® CAD (3 M ESPE)] were treated with three commercial mouthrinses [Listerine, Tantum Verde and Klorhex]; and surface phase changes were then assessed. The samples were prepared with dimensions of 2 × 12 × 14 mm. They were immersed in the mouthrinse solutions by using a home-made agitation instrument for 120 h, but for the control group, the rinsing solution was distilled water. Surface phase changes were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) device (Bruker AXS D8 Advance, USA), and the change of surface roughness was inspected by scanning electron microscopy (LEO 440 Computer Controlled Digital, UK). XRD patterns of IPS e.max® CAD, IPS empress® CAD, and Lava Ultimate® CAD were evaluated in the study and phases were determined as different mouthwash deterioration then the effects of peak formation was indicated. Phases were seen some differentiation in terms of the crystalline structure. SEM images to investigate the surface roughness of the samples were employed. When the distilled water was applied, the surface was smoother and compact, but the surface of the samples subjected to Tantum Verde, Klorhex, and Listerine showed that the surface was deformed by erosive wear and corrosion of the ingredients. This work implied that mouthrinse with lower alcohol content had less deteriorating effect on the bioceramic materials. In terms of phase and surface roughness change, Lava Ultimate® CAD has been effected the most corroded surface among used bioceramics owing to organic content concentration.