The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples.

Conflict-related anterior cingulate functional connectivity is associated with past suicidal ideation and behavior in recent-onset schizophrenia

Control-related frontal-striatal function is associated with past suicidal ideation and behavior in patients with recent-onset psychotic major mood disorders

The psychometric characteristics of the 4-item Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) as a screening tool in a non-clinical sample of Nigerian university students.

Suicidal behaviors are a significant concern in Latin American countries. However, validated scales in Brazil do not address all behaviors on the suicide spectrum. We aimed to adapt the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) for Brazil. The SBQ-R was independently translated, back-translated, and evaluated by experts—two thousand eight hundred ninety-eight participants (68.30% women; M = 27.42; A = 18–69) from Brazil. The SBQ-R items presented adequate reliability (ω = .86). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the construct validity (χ2(df) = 52.707(2), p<.001; CFI = .997; TLI = .992; RMSEA = .052; SRMR = .024). Multigroup CFA indicated that the SBQ-R is invariant for gender, sexual orientation, race, and education level. The SBQ-R has convergent validity for depression (r = 0.61), anxiety (r = 0.49), stress (r = 0.49), impulsivity (r = 0.40), hopelessness (r = 0.60) and divergent validity, with gender and sexual minorities showing higher levels of suicidal behaviors. The Brazilian SBQ-R is designated for use by Brazilian adults. Future studies must investigate the predictive validity of the SBQ-R in clinical samples.

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior (SB) are the major public health problems in adolescents. Despite the increased focus on these phenomena, there exist no reliable data in Nepal. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NSSI and SB among adolescents. Furthermore the study identified the relationship between these two behaviors and assessed demographic, behavioral, and psychological risk factors of NSSI and SB in Nepalese adolescents in a representative sample of the general population.MethodsThe study was conducted among 730 adolescents studying in grade 9 to 12 of public and private schools of Pokhara Metropolitan city, Nepal. Data were collected through self administered standard tools- Functional Assessment of Self Mutilation (FASM) tool, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Descriptive statistical measures such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, range were used to assess demographic characteristics and adolescent’s behavior regarding NSSI and suicide. For inferential analysis chi-square and one way ANOVA test was used. Furthermore, to determine the predictors of NSSI and SB, multiple logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsRegarding behavioral characteristics, nearly half of the sample 327 (44.8%) reported a history of NSSI in past 1 year. Furthermore, 25.8% (n = 188) of the overall sample engaged in minor NSSI only and 3.42% (n = 25) engaged in at least one act of moderate/severe NSSI. The mean number of type of NSSI performed was 2.63 ± 1.71. The most common type of NSSI method used were picking at wound (27.3%), biting self (20.3%), pulling hair out (11.8%), cutting self (11.1%). Boys (52.6%) were more likely to be engaged in NSSI than girls (47.4%) (χ2 = 10.298, p = 0.002). Furthermore, among 730 adolescents who completed the SBQ-R questionnaire, 131 (17.9%) had suicidal behaviors (SB) (as defined by SBQ-R a total score ≥ 7). Regarding sex differences female were significantly higher in life time prevalence of suicidal behavior than male (χ2 = 30.26, p = 0.001). Simple Chi-square tests indicated that NSSI was significantly associated with SB (χ2 = 58.16, P < .001). Logistic regressions identified the four significant predictors of NSSI behavior: male, low-level of self-esteem (SE), moderate to severe form of depression and SB. Similarly, significant predictors of SB were: female, low-level of SE, moderate to severe form of depression and NSSI behavior.ConclusionThe prevalence of both NSSI and SB is high in adolescents. Despite the differences between NSSI and SB a significant number of adolescents reported a history of both behaviors. Lower level of SE and moderate to severe depression were the significant predictors of both NSSI and SB. Furthermore, male and adolescents with the history of SB were at risk of NSSI behavior whereas female sex and adolescents with the history of NSSI were at risk of SB.

The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), a 4-item instrument for assessing and screening suicide-related thoughts and behaviors, has been translated into several different languages. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the SBQ-R and a new Chinese version of the instrument (C-SBQ-R) for college student samples. We used the culture, comprehension, and translation bias (CCT) procedure to examine the responses of independent Chinese college student samples who completed the C-SBQ-R (N₁ = 298) and the SBQ-R (N₂ = 292) and a U.S. college student sample (N₃ = 320) who completed the SBQ-R. We found that the samples' C-SBQ-R and SBQ-R scale scores showed acceptable internal consistency reliability estimates, factor structures, and concurrent validity estimates. Measurement invariance was established across groups differing in (a) language but not culture, (b) culture but not language, and (c) both language and culture. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis results showed that the cutoff score of 7 was similar for both the C-SBQ-R and the SBQ-R in screening for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Our findings provided empirical support that the psychometric properties of the C-SBQ-R and the SBQ-R are similar; both could be used to assess the suicide-related thoughts and behaviors constructs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction: When it comes to mental health, traditional research has been revolving around risk factors and their repercussions on mental health. On the other hand, understanding positive factors underlies prevention strategies of self-improvement of these skills, and social and clinical interventions necessary to maintain good health and well-being. Social support, self-esteem and resilience have been the focus of several studies of this scope, having been associated with better mental health outcomes and lower suicidal behaviors. Objectives: With this study, our objectives are to assess the importance of social support, self-esteem and resilience in protecting mental health and suicidal behavior, to determine differences between countries of residence, to assess levels of association between variables, as well as determining the effect of sociodemographic variables, country of residence, social support, self-esteem and resilience in predicting mental health and suicidal behavior. Method: In this study participated 1006 citizens of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLC), between 18 and 80 years of age (mean = 41.76; SD = 14.19). 40.7% of the participants lived in Brazil, 29.9% lived in the ACPOL and 29.4% were from Portugal. For this study, we included a sociodemographic questionnaire that asked about the participants’ age, country of residence, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, professional status, educational attainment, socioeconomic status and marital status. To identify the presence of psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, or somatization) and thus measure participants’ mental health, we utilized the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). To assess suicidal behavior, we included the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire – Revised (SBQ-R). To check for social support (family, friends and significant others), the Portuguese version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was utilized. To measure self-esteem, we utilized the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). To measure resilience, we utilized the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale–10 (CD-RISC-10). A website was created for the purpose of the investigation, to disseminate the questionnaire online through mailing lists and social media, from May to October 2021, using a convenience sample method. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between the CPLC countries for social support, self-esteem, resilience, mental health, and suicidal behavior. The positive factors were negatively correlated with mental health and suicidal behavior. When added to sociodemographic variables, social support, self-esteem, and resilience are good predictors of both mental health and suicidal behavior. Conclusion: We concluded that, as previously shown in other studies, social support, self-esteem, and resilience all constitute protective factors for mental health and suicidal behaviors. Self-esteem took on an especially relevant role, possibly due to its moderating effect in positive life outcomes, less prevalence of psychological symptomatology and general mental well-being, since a strong sense of self-esteem is also linked to better locus of control and higher personal psychological resources to handle adversity.

The Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) are widely used psychological instruments for assessing people‘s suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Lithuanian versions of the SIDAS and SBQ-R. We analysed data collected from four samples: a Lithuanian general population quota sample based on age, gender and place of residence (N = 697, 52.9% women, aged 18–79 years); a sample of students (N = 2013, 72 % women, aged 18–29 years); a clinical sample of suicidal patients (N = 35, 77.1% women, aged 18–59 years); and a test-retest sample of students who completed the instruments twice within a two-week period (N = 54, 70.4% women, aged 18–47 years). The participants answered questions on gender, and age and completed the SIDAS and SBQ-R. The data analysis revealed that the Lithuanian versions of the SIDAS and SBQ-R have good internal consistency, temporal stability, construct, convergent, and criterion validity. The Lithuanian versions of the SIDAS and SBQ-R can be used to measure suicidality in research settings, as well as in clinical work as auxiliary tools.

Background Mental stresses and adoption of poor coping strategies can be a cause of suicidal behavior in medical students. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal behavior, and effects of the components of coping strategies on suicidal behavior among medical students Methodology An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a college located in North India for a period of 2 months from February to March 2021. A total of 531 study participants (calculated sample size) were selected, and then allocated proportionally to each academic year, both through stratified random sampling technique. Then, the participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and coping inventory. A pretest was done to modify the coping inventory and then exploratory factor analysis was performed on it to classify the components of coping strategies. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors and their association with suicidal behavior. Results A total of 104 (19.6%) respondents had reported SBQ-R cutoff score > 7 and had suicidal behavior. The rate of lifetime suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt was 20.3, 10.3, and 2.3%, respectively, among medical students, with 1-year prevalence of suicidal ideation at 33%. The mean age of the participants was 21.26 years (standard deviation = 1.99). The identified risk factors significantly associated with higher suicidal behavior were depression (odds ratio [OR] = 9.6), dissatisfaction with academic performances (OR = 4.9), and coping with mental disengagement (OR = 4.6), while coping with supportive strategies (OR = 0.57) was investigated as a preventive factor for the suicidal behavior. Conclusion The prevalence of suicidal behavior is found to be highly alarming, revealing that depression and poor coping strategies are risk factors among medical students. The analysis recommends that quantification of the problems, treatment at an early stage, and proactive student counseling to help them embrace the appropriate coping strategies, should be the first steps in prevention of suicidal behavior.

Background:Suicidal behavior in medical students can be triggered by mental stresses and adoption of poor coping strategies, and might have a negative impact on their quality of life.Aims:The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal behavior, and effects of the components of coping strategies on suicidal behavior among medical students.Methods:An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 531 medical students for a period of two months from February to March 2021. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scale was used to measure suicidal behavior. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the Brief-COPE Inventory to classify the coping components. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors and their association with suicidal behavior.Results:A total of 104 respondents (19.6%) had reported an SBQ-R cutoff score of ≥7 and had suicidal behavior. The rate of lifetime suicidal ideation, plan and attempt was 20.3%, 10.3% and 2.3%, respectively, among medical students with one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation at 33%. The mean age of the participants was 21.26 years (standard deviation (SD) = 1.99). The identified risk factors significantly associated with higher suicidal behavior were depression (OR = 9.6), dissatisfaction with academic performances (OR = 4.9) and coping with mental disengagement (OR = 4.6), while coping with supportive strategies (OR = 0.57) was investigated as a preventive factor for the suicidal behavior.Conclusions:The prevalence of suicidal behavior is found to be highly alarming, revealing that depression and poor coping strategies are risk factors among medical students. The analysis recommends that quantification of the problems, treatment at an early stage and proactive student counselling to help them embrace the appropriate coping strategies should be the first steps in prevention of suicidal behavior.

At the American Association of Suicidology’s (AAS) 46th Annual Conference in Austin, Texas (http://www.suicidology.org/web/guest/education-and-training/annualconference), participants were challenged to address why there has not been more progress in reducing the rates of completed suicides (Berman, 2013). A draft of recommendations from the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention’s Research Prioritization Task Force was presented at the meeting and subsequently published in this journal (National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention [NAASP], 2013a, 2013b). The purpose of this commentary is to address this challenge by emphasizing the importance of employing a disease etiology strategy that integrates molecular data with clinical data, environmental data, and health outcomes in a dynamic, iterative fashion. The recommendations of the Research Prioritization Task Force tackle important public health program issues and are embedded within seven key questions, summarized as: 1. Why do people become suicidal? 2. How do we better detect/predict risk? 3. What interventions prevent suicidal behavior? 4. What are the effective services for treating suicidal persons and preventing suicidal behavior? 5. How do we reduce stigma? 6. What are the suicide prevention interventions outside of health-care settings? 7. Which existing and new infrastructure needs are required to further reduce suicidal behavior? (NAASP, 2013b; Silverman et al., 2013)

BackgroundSuicidal behaviors are major public health concerns that affect large numbers of youth, leaving not only the youth but also their parents, family, friends, and peers in constant wailing. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, psychosocial correlates, and perspectives of youths’ suicidal behaviors. A concurrent mixed-methods descriptive study was used in carrying out this study. This study was conducted at Zagazig University, Al Sharkia Governorate. A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to enroll 364 youths. Four tools were used to collect quantitative data. They were as follows: The Youth Profile Questionnaire, composed of two parts (socio-demographic data and youth characteristics), the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R-SF), and the Short Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). For the qualitative part, focus group discussions were conducted to explore youths’ perspectives on the phenomenon of suicidal behaviors.ResultsQuantitative findings revealed that 25% of the youth participants had a significant risk for suicidal behaviors. Being female, in the first years of practical faculties and having no friends are significantly correlated with suicidal behaviors. Further, the quality of life had a statistically significant negative correlation with suicidal behaviors. Qualitative findings were discussed under one main category: youths’ perspectives about suicidal behaviors (pressure/escaping tool, seeking help/ending pain, attention-grabbing behavior, and stain for life).ConclusionsAccording to this mixed-methods study, youths’ suicidal behaviors are prevalent multifaceted phenomena that certain factors have been correlated with. It is suggested that female sex, having no friends, and academic stressors are risk factors for suicidal behaviors. Also, the quality of life was introduced as a protective factor against suicidal behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended to implement prevention and management approaches to realize the complexity of the phenomena of suicidal behaviors among youth; these approaches target the youths themselves (mental health promotion and strategies for coping with stress) and the population (careful media coverage, limit access to suicidal methods, and raise the awareness about mental illness).

Approximately half of those who attempt suicide report experiencing suicidal ideation and suicidal planning in advance; others deny these experiences. Some researchers have hypothesized that rapid intensification is due to past suicidal ideation and/or behaviors that are "mentally shelved" but remain available for rapid access later. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined (a) temporal sequencing of suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, and suicidal behavior, and (b) speed of emergence of suicidal behavior in a prospective cohort study of 2744 primary care patients. Of 52 patients reporting suicidal behavior during follow-up, 20 (38.5%) reported suicidal ideation and planning prior to their suicidal behavior, 23 (44.2%) reported suicidal ideation but not planning, and nine (17.3%) denied both suicidal ideation and planning. Over half (n = 30, 57.7%) reported the onset of suicidal ideation and/or planning on the same day as or after their suicidal behavior (i.e., rapid intensification). Rapid intensification was not associated with increased likelihood of reporting recent or past suicidal ideation, planning, or behaviors, suggesting rapid intensification does not depend on prior experience with suicidal ideation and/or behaviors. Detecting primary care patients at risk for this form of suicidal behavior may be limited even with universal suicide risk screening.

Suicide is an act of taking one’s life. This paper determined the suicidal-related thoughts among the first-year college students of the University of Bohol. Suicidal-related thought is a cognitive process that involves contemplation of ending one’s own life. It utilized a quantitative research design with the aid of a standardized instrument - The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) that assesses suicidal ideation and its frequency, suicide attempt, and the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. There were 523 students from 11 colleges who participated in this study. It comprised 50.94% females and 41.63% males. Results revealed that having a suicide plan is evident among the respondents in college I, while suicide-risk ideation is apparent in colleges A, J, K, C, H, and E. Suicidal ideation is experienced rarely or at one time by some respondents. Nonetheless, they have manifested the risk of likely, somewhat likely, and very likely committing suicide in the future. Findings also revealed that females have higher suicidal ideation than males. But both sexes are at risk as regards committing suicide in the future. Hence, it takes into consideration that suicidal-related thoughts may influence suicidal behavior in the future.

This study aimed to investigate the association between the risk of suicidal behaviors and student-supervisor relationships and subjective family socioeconomic status (SFSS) in medical graduate students, and to propose preventive strategies to reduce the suicidal risk among medical graduate students. A total of 1,310 validated questionnaires were collected from medical graduate students, which included demographic information, study programs, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) questionnaire, the Leader-Member Exchange 7 (LMX-7) questionnaire, and SFSS by MacArthur Scale. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between variables and adjust for confounders. A moderation analysis, containing simple slope analysis and Johnson-Neyman interval plots were used to analyze the moderating effect of the SFSS in the association of SBQ-R and LMX-7 scores. A total of 88 participants (6.7%) were at risk of suicidal behaviors. In the high-quality student-supervisor relationship group (LMX-7 score ≥ 25), SFSS was significantly higher than in the low- and moderate-quality relationship group (p=0.002). The median SBQ-R score and proportion of suicide risk was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the high-quality student-supervisor relationship group. Multiple regression analysis indicated LMX-7 scores (β=-0.098, 95% CI [-0.118, -0.077], p<0.001) and SFSS (β=-0.073, 95% CI [-0.127, -0.019], p=0.008) were significantly negatively associated with SBQ-R, whereas the interaction term of SFSS with LMX-7 (β=0.018, 95% CI [0.007, 0.029], p=0.001) showed a significant positive association with SBQ-R. The Johnson-Neyman interval showed a significant association between LMX-7 and SBQ-R scores only when SFSS was less than 7.82 (p<0.05). The risk of suicidal behaviors was associated with student-supervisor relationships and SFSS among medical graduate students. Poor relationships with supervisor were associated with an elevated risk of suicidality, and SFSS moderated this association. Educators should pay increased attention to the suicidal risk of medical graduate students with poor supervisor relationships, especially those from families with low SFSS, and provide timely preventive strategies.