The study of stimulation action of enzymes preparations on the plant objects

The results of research on the effect of biopreparations on soybean plants in the Primorsky Territory are presented. The experiment was conducted in 2020, 2021 under the conditions of a plot experiment. The preparations were studied on soybean plants of the Primorskaya 86 variety. The objects of research are microbiological preparation Biocomposite-correct and organomineral fertilizer Biostim Start. The experiment scheme included the following variants: without treatment (control); treatment of seeds with Biocomposite Correct; treatment of seeds and plants spraying with Biocomposite Correct; treatment of seeds with Biocomposite Correct + Biostim Start; treatment of seeds with Biocomposite Correct and Biostim Start + plants spraying with Biocomposite Correct. The use of biopreparations contributed to a decrease in the intensity of septoriosis development relative to the control (29.8%) by 5.2-6.8%. The maximum biological efficiency in the experiment (23.1%) was observed in the variant with treatment of soybean seeds with Biocomposite-correct. Complex treatment with Biocomposite-correct provided a reduction of downy mildew manifestations by 8.2%, the biological effectiveness was 37.8%. The biological products had a positive effect on the plant growth and development. The largest plant growth in the phase of full maturity was noted in the variant with Biocomposite Correct + Biostim Start + plant spraying with Biocomposite Correct (56.6 cm), in the control - 49.3 cm. When using biopreparations, the number of nodules exceeded the control by 17.4-34.1%, the number of leaves by 28.3-39.5%. The thousand-seed weight varied between 180.0-190.6 g in the experimental variants, and 157.5 g in the control. The seed weight per plant in the experimental variants was higher than the control by 41.3-70.6%. The studied preparations provided an increase in the yield in all the variants of the experiment. The biological yield was 3.3-3.7 t/ha with the yield of 2.5 t/ha in the control.

\n Seed treatment has become part of the soybean production in Brazil and, currently, almost a hundred percent of the areas use this type of pesticide application. Nevertheless, despite its solid commercial presence, questions regarding the interaction of pesticides with biological products and the environment arise year after year. Thus, the objectives of the present study were: (i) to determine how soybean seed treatment with fungicides associated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii pre-inoculation can be detrimental to the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and yield; (ii) how fungicides applied via seed treatment are absorbed and translocated in seedlings, and how they interact with the soil and its properties; (iii) and the longevity of fungicide action along plant development. In order to investigate these goals, four field and seven greenhouse experiments were carried out over the years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. The field experiments aimed to evaluate the effect of fungicides plus pre-inoculation with B. elkanii on soybean seeds, both on BNF and yield, evaluating the concentration of ureides, the BNF efficiency and the productivity components of the crop. The greenhouse experiments sought to elucidate the absorption and translocation pattern of different fungicides applied via seed treatment in soybeans using radiolabels active ingredients, as well as the longevity of seed treatment efficacy on controlling Phytophthora sojae, assessing severity of root rot and plant development. The results showed that both seed treatment and pre-inoculation affect BNF, however, did not cause impacts on yield. In addition, seed treatment did not have superior yield than control with inoculant alone in any of the experiments. Regarding the absorption and translocation of fungicides applied via seed treatment in soybean, it was observed that most products, when absorbed, were concentrated in the cotyledons of plants, and that the soil organic matter content can influence the absorption of the products. Finally, regarding the longevity of action of fungicides during plant development, it was shown that the satisfactory efficacy in the management of Phytophthora sojae was up to 14 days after planting.\n

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of products applied through seed treatment, associated with the inoculation, in the development of soybean plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Federal University of Lavras (UFLA). The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with four repetitions in a factorial 4 × 11, being four soybean cultivars and 11 combinations of products associated with the inoculation in the treatment of seeds. At the stage (R1) it was evaluated: plant height, leaf area, foliar chlorophyll content, number of trifoliate leaves, dry shoot mass, dry root mass, root length, root volume, nodules total number, viable nodules total number, nodules dry mass and foliar nitrogen content. The combination of products in the treatment of seeds, do not present phytotoxic effects in the characters related to the development, except for dry matter of aerial part and root volume. The combination of products in treatment of seeds influences negatively the nodulation, especially in the treatments with presence of nematicide. The inoculation performed in isolation or combined with fungicide and insecticide (I+FI) maintains nodule levels.

Висвітленірезультатидослідженьщодовивченнявпливурегуляторівросту « Вермимаг » і « Вермийодіс » запередпосівногообробленнянасінняіобприскуванняпосівівсоняшникугібридуНКРоккінарістірозвитокрослинтанасіннєвупродуктивністьпосівів . Дослідження виконано впродовж 2013-2016 років на дослідному полі філіалу кафедри рослинництва , селекції та насінництва Подільського державного аграрно - технічного університету в ПФ « Богдан і К » Снятинського район , у Івано - Франківської області , яке знаходиться в західній частині Лісостепу . Грунт на дослідній ділянці дерновий, опідзолений середньосуглинковий. Висівали насіння нормою 70 тис. / га схожих насінин. Загальна площа ділянки 70 м 2 , облікова – 50 м 2 . Розміщення ділянок систематичне за чотириразового повторення. Дослідження виконано відповідно до існуючих загальноприйнятих методик. Встановлено, що регулятори росту «Вермимаг» і «Вермийодіс» впливали на величину листкової поверхні і фотосинтетичну активність агроценозів соняшнику досліджуваного гібрида і продуктивність культури. Найвищі темпи приросту листкової поверхні 53,7 тис.м 2 / га, або на 15,0 тис.м 2 / га більше контролю, в фазу цвітіння спостерігались у варіанті за передпосівної обробки насіння гібриду регулятором росту «Вермийодіс» в дозі 4 л / т і обприскування рослин в період вегетації цим же препаратом дворазово по 4 л / га. На цьому варіанті спостерігалося найбільше накопичення сухих речовин – 8,5 т / га, що на 2,1 т / га більше, ніж на контролі. Фотосинтетичний потенціал посівів склав 2,820 млн м 2 діб / га або на 0,717 млн м 2 діб / га більше порівняно з контролем. В середньому за 4 роки дослідження встановлено, що на варіантах сумісного застосування передпосівного оброблення насіння і за одноразового обприскування регулятором росту «Вермийодіс» врожайність соняшнику гібриду НК Роккі зросла порівняно з контролем на 9,4-12,3 %, за дворазового обприскування – на 14,2-16,1 %. Найвища урожайність (3,6 т / га) та вихід олії 2,03 т / га був на варіанті сумісного застосування передпосівного оброблення насіння і дворазового обприскування рослин під час вегетації препаратом «Вермийодіс» в дозі по 4 л / га.

The effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) with succinic and salicylic acids at concentrations of 10–5 M and 10–3 M with and without the use of a vacuum infiltrator was studied. The obtained results showed a positive effect of seed treatment under conditions of rarefied pressure (0.9 atm, 15 min) on the development of coleoptile and seedling root on the 7th day of germination. On day 3 (when determining the germination energy), the effect of a rarefied medium did not reveal a significant effect. Under stressful conditions of plant development with hyperthermia, it was found that treatment of seeds with salicylic acid at a concentration of 10–3 M in a rarefied environment provided the best result in reducing stress load by suppressing catalase activity. Succinic acid at a concentration of 10–5 M proved to be the best option as a growth enhancer. Together with the use of a rarefied medium, such treatment most significantly accelerated the development of the coleoptile and the root of the seedling on the 7th day of germination.

The problem of increasing the yield of cultivated plants attracts the attention of specialists and prompts scientists to study viral plant diseases as one of the causes of significant crop losses. A virus is an endogenous parasite that, having entered plant cells, uses the functions of cell organoids and biosystems for its reproduction, which leads to plant disease and a decrease in their productivity. One of the promising approaches to reducing viral damage to plants is the use of microbial antiviral preparations. The complex bacterial preparation Azogran, developed at the Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, is based on the interaction of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria Bacillus subtilis IMV B-7023, nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii IMV B-7076, and clay mineral — bentonite. Phosphate-mobilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria significantly improve the growth and development of plants, essentially increasing the yield of agricultural crops. However, the effect of Azogran on the development and yield of potato plants infected with the X-virus has not been sufficiently studied. Taking this into account, the aim of the work was to study the effect of the complex bacterial preparation Azogran on the growth, some physiological and biochemical properties, and productivity of potato plants, uninfected and infected by the potato virus X. Methods. Microbiological (obtaining the bacterial preparation Azogran, used in granular form (0.25 g)), virological (isolation of potato virus X, inoculation of plants with potato virus X), serological (testing for the presence or absence of the virus), biochemical (determination of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids), spectrophotometric, and statistical analysis. Results. In the conducted experiments, the Azogran was used in granular form in the amount of one and two granules. The effectiveness of the use of the preparation, which stimulates the intensive growth of plants of two varieties of potatoes (early variety Spokusa and medium variety Diva), which leads to an increase in their yield, is shown. The positive effect of Azogran was observed on the development of both infected and non-infected plants. It was found that when two granules of the preparation were applied, the yield of potatoes of the Diva variety increased by 27.02%, and the yield of potatoes of the Spokusa variety under the same conditions increased by 29.46%. A similar effect of Azogran was observed on plants infected with the potato virus X, only to a lesser extent: in the Diva variety, the yield was 16.3% higher compared to the control (control — plants not infected by the virus), and in the Spokusa variety it was higher by 22.59%. When studying the content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids in virus-infected potato plants, it was established that the content of chlorophylls at different stages of virus infection was different, but the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was higher in plants bacterized with Azogran. Conclusions. The complex bacterial preparation Azogran has a positive effect on the development of uninfected and infected plants, reducing the harmfulness of viral infections and contributing to the increase in potato productivity. Azogran can be successfully used in crop production to increase the quality and quantity of crop yields.

Purpose and objectives of the study. The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of wintering of winter rape depending on the factors of intensification in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. General scientific and special research methods were used in the course of the work. Results. Weather conditions have made their adjustments over the years of research, especially significant impact on wintering of winter rape had the amount of precipitation over the years of research and varied greatly. Pre-sowing treatment and foliar fertilization of plants were of great importance, these measures had a positive effect on the studied aspects. It also contributed to the accumulation of high sugar content in the root collar of plants, the formation of a greater accumulation of absolutely dry plant mass, which accordingly provided a higher percentage of winter hardiness of winter rape plants by 8.0-10.3%. Analyzing the research, we indicate that the use of growth regulators in foliar feeding of winter rape plants against the background of pre-sowing seed treatment had a significant effect on the wintering of rape. Treatment of winter rape seeds with Vitavax 200 FF, 34 % w.c.c., before sowing, with growth regulator Vympel-K significantly increased field germination, and their joint use provided a more positive effect. Conclusions. The use of the growth regulator Vympel-K (500 g/t) indicated that the wintering of plants was better compared to the control (untreated seeds) and almost 5.8% higher than in the variants with seed treatment with Vitavax 200 FF, 34% w.c.k. (2.5 l/t). The use of the growth regulator Vympel foliarly in the fall in the rosette phase of 5-6 leaves against the background of pre-sowing seed treatment with Vitavax 200 FF, 34 % w.c. + growth regulator Vympel-K provided better growth and development of plants.

The yield of chickpea seeds depends on the biological characteristics of the variety and the cultivation technology. Increasing the effectiveness of the factors for the intensification of chickpea cultivation should be carried out on the basis of modern requirements. For the cultivation of chickpeas, the duration of the growing season is important, since the growth, development and formation of the harvest of this crop can last from 60 to 130 days. The duration of the growing season is influenced by the genetic characteristics of the variety, the soil and climatic conditions of the region, and the use of certain elements of growing technology. Studying the rates of growth and development of chickpea plants in ontogeny makes it possible to reveal the most important dependencies of the process of formation of high productivity of this crop. In the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe, the difference between the varieties in the time of interphase periods was insignificant and was 2–3 days, so the duration of the growing season in the Triumph variety was 97 days, and in the Rosanna variety - 100 days. In the intensive technology of growing chickpeas, the use of soil herbicides is a mandatory measure. Treatment of chickpea seeds with biological preparations before sowing and application of soil herbicides affected the growth and development phases of chickpea plants. The duration of the ripening phase of chickpea varieties depended on the treatment of seeds with biological preparations and the level of weediness of these areas. It was established that the duration of the growing season depends on the genetic characteristics of the variety and the elements of the growing technology. The duration of the growing season in the Triumph variety was 103-104 days and in the Rosanna variety - 105-106 days. Treatment of chickpea seeds with Rhizobophyt inoculant and biofungicidal drug Biopolicid and application of soil herbicide Frontier Optima, 72% er, at the rate of 1.2 l/ha helped to obtain the yield of chickpea seeds of the Triumf variety within 2.20 t/ha, which by 1.67 t/ha higher compared to the level of productivity on the weedy control. The yield of Razanna chickpea seeds was correspondingly higher and amounted to 2.28 t/ha, which is 1.73 t/ha more than in the control plots.

The influence of complex treatment of spring wheat seeds (cultivar Rannye 93) with Agrobacterium radiobacter and some strains of phosphatemobilizing bacteria on growth and development of plants was investigated. Effective compositions of A. radiobacter and phosphatemobilizing bacteria strains were determined. The treatment of seeds with the above-mentioned compositions has increased quantity of shoots, including productive ones, height of plants and quantity of grains in main ears as well as productivity and yield on 22,5-43,5 %.

Agriculture has been solving the problem of increasing yields through chemical plant protection products. Their intensive use has led to the need for the biologization of agriculture, which means the production of products using the maximum potential of environmental factors to increase yields without harming the environment. Using seeds with high sowing qualities is the key to obtaining sustainable yields. In this regard, this article presents the results of research on the effect of pre-sowing treatment of alfalfa seeds with Organit P, Organit N, Biodux, Systemica M biopreparations, OrganitN+ OrganitP+Bidux for sowing qualities and field germination. The experiments were carried out in 3-fold repetition, observations were made according to 6 variants of the experiment. Laboratory experiments were conducted according to the methodology for determining the growth strength of seeds of forage crops according to GOST 12038-84. The flow rate of the working fluid for seed treatment was taken at the rate of 1 ml per 100 g of seeds. Germination energy was determined on the 3rd day, and laboratory germination on the 7th day. The scheme of the experiment included a variant without treatment (control) with the treatment of seeds with biological preparations a day before sowing. It was revealed that the treatment of alfalfa seeds with biological preparations improves the indicators characterizing the initial stages of plant growth and development ontogenesis. Regarding germination energy, the highest result was shown by the preparations Systemica M–75,0% and Organit N+ Organit P+ Bidux – 68,5%. Using the Organit N+ Organit P+ Bidux complex of drugs increased laboratory germination to – 81,5% and field germination to – 41,5%.

Objective. Investigate the effect of inoculation of soybean seeds with an active strain of nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum T21-2 and treatment of seed or vegetative plants with a complex of trace elements Avatar-2 on the functioning of the symbiotic apparatus and grain productivity. Methods. Physiological, microbiological, gas chromatographic, vegetation experiment, statistical. Results. As a result of joint treatment of seeds with nodule bacteria and Avatar-2, inhibition of nodulation activity of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the stage of three true leaves was revealed in comparison with symbiotic systems formed as a result of standard inoculation of seed with rhizobia of Bradyrhizobium japonicum T21-2 strain. In the stage of budding / beginning of flowering and bean formation on the soybean roots of this variant, the number of nodules exceeded the corresponding figure in plants, bacterized without the use of trace elements by 16.6 % and 24.1 %, respectively. The combination of inoculation of seeds and feeding of plants during the vegetation with Avatar-2 did not have a significant effect on the activity of symbiotic systems in the stage of three true leaves and budding / beginning of flowering. However, in the stage of bean formation, a 38 % increase in nitrogen-fixing activity was detected compared to plants grown from seeds of rhizobia inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum T21-2 strain (without the use of trace elements). Activation of soybean growth processes at all stages of plant development when exposed of seed bacterization and use of Avatar-2 by different methods was noted. Inoculation of seeds and using microfertilizers, both as separate elements of soybean cultivation technology and complex treatments in the conditions of vegetation experiment, resulted in a decrease in grain content of copper, zinc, iron and nickel. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with a complex of chelated nutrients without bacterization caused an increase in grain weight per plant by 17.8 %, and when feeding non-inoculated growing plants with this fertilizer — by 27.5 % compared to the control. The combination of both factors — inoculation of seeds with a bacterial preparation and different using of trace element complex also had a positive effect on individual productivity of soybean plants, as evidenced by an increase of 14.4 % and 30.2 % compared to plants whose seeds were treated with rhizobia only. Conclusion. The combination of intensification factors in soybean cultivation technology through the use of different methods of complex microfertilizer and seed treatment with highly active strain of nodule bacteria has a significant impact on plant growth, content of individual trace elements in grain and creates a significant reserve of grain productivity of this crop.

Winter wheat is the main food crop in the Steppe zone and the main agricultural crop in many countries of the world. The issues of intensifying grain production are inseparable from the production and use of new effective biological products for pre-sowing seed treatment, which positively affect the growth and development of winter wheat plants. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of seed treatment before sowing with biological products on the productivity of winter wheat varieties. The study presents data on the results of an examination of 10 varieties of winter wheat for seed treatment with biological products in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Centre of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University from 2020 to 2022. In the course of the study, generally accepted methods were used: system approach and system analysis, analysis and synthesis, field, and statistical. The influence of seed treatment with biological products and varietal characteristics of winter wheat on productivity was analysed. It was determined that the yield level depended and varied depending on the biological product used for pre-sowing seed treatment and the examined variety. Over the years of the study, biological products have affected the Winter wheat is the main food crop in the Steppe zone and the main agricultural crop in many countries of the world. The issues of intensifying grain production are inseparable from the production and use of new effective biological products for pre-sowing seed treatment, which positively affect the growth and development of winter wheat plants. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of seed treatment before sowing with biological products on the productivity of winter wheat varieties. The study presents data on the results of an examination of 10 varieties of winter wheat for seed treatment with biological products in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Centre of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University from 2020 to 2022. In the course of the study, generally accepted methods were used: system approach and system analysis, analysis and synthesis, field, and statistical. The influence of seed treatment with biological products and varietal characteristics of winter wheat on productivity was analysed. It was determined that the yield level depended and varied depending on the biological product used for pre-sowing seed treatment and the examined variety. Over the years of the study, biological products have affected the

Objective. To study the effectiveness of winter wheat seed treatment with chemical disinfectants and a complex preparation based on Azotobacter vinelandii 7 AI, A. chroococcum 8 AI and Bacillus megaterium 39 AI. Methods. The microorganisms that form the basis of the complex biological product were tested for compatibility with fungicides in the laboratory. For this purpose, the bacteria were incubated with a chemical disinfectant and their titer was subsequently determined. The effectiveness of the microbial preparation alone and in combination with chemical fungicides was tested in the fields of the Skvyra Experimental Station of Organic Production of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences. All records, observations of the growth and development of plants in crops, morphological parameters and analyses in the experiment were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results. While testing the compatibility of microorganisms with agrochemicals, it was found that the fungicide Weibrans Trio (sedaxane 25 g/l, fludioxonil 25 g/l, tebuconazole 10 g/l) provided a slight decrease in the number of bacteria tested (up to 10 %). The fungicide Avicenna (tebuconazole 50 g/l, prochloraz 250 g/l, cresoxim-methyl 50 g/l) led to a critical reduction in the titer of bacteria, especially representatives of the genus Azotobacter. The fungicide Acanto Plus (picoxystrobin 200 g/l, ciproconazole 80 g/l) had a slight effect on the number of bacteria studied over time. The complex treatment of winter wheat seeds, even in the mixture of the microbial preparation with Weibrans Trio and Acanto Plus fungicides, respectively, had a positive effect on the growth and development of wheat plants, increasing the yield of the crop. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the use of a new complex microbial preparation in the cultivation of winter wheat. The negative effect of the fungicide Avicenna on the components of the biological product when used in the same tank mixture for seed treatment was established. The combined use of the microbial preparation with the fungicides Weibrans Trio and Acanto Plus in the technology of winter wheat cultivation is acceptable.

The impact of mineral nutrition on winter barley yields while using mustard as a precursor crop

The aim of the work is to study the influence of pre-sowing seed treatment with compositions of metabolically active substances on the structure of yield and yield of winter rye plants Varieties Synthetic 38 and Zabava in the South-Eastern Polissya of Ukraine. The material of the study was the seeds of winter rye varieties Synthetic 38 and Zabava and compositions of metabolically active substances: vitamin E (10-8 М), paraoxybenzoic acid (PABX) (0.001 %), methionine (0.001 %), ubiquinone-10 (10-8 М) and MgSO4 (0.001 %) in the following combinations - vitamin E (10-8 М) + paraoxybenzoic acid (0.001 %) + methionine (0.001 %) (EPM), vitamin E (10-8 М) + paraoxybenzoic acid (0.001 %) ) + methionine (0.001 %) + MgSO4 (0.001 %) (EPMMg), vitamin E (10-8 М) + ubiquinone-10 (10-8 М) (EQ). The positive effect of pre-sowing treatment of winter rye seeds with compositions of metabolically active compounds, namely EPM, EPMMg and EQ on plant development during the growing season affected the formation of productive stems in winter rye plants of Synthetic 38 and Zabava varieties. The largest number of productive stems in plants of both varieties was formed using the composition EPMMg. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the studied compositions of metabolically active compounds also affected the main indicators of crop structure, namely there was an increase in ear length, number of grains in the ear, grain weight in the ear, the weight of 1000 grains, but to varying degrees. The largest number of grains in the ear and their mass were formed by plants of both varieties by pre-sowing seed treatment with EPMMg composition. The largest mass of 1000 grains was also formed by plants of both studied varieties by pre-sowing treatment with EPMMg composition. Accordingly, the biological yield of winter rye in the experimental group with pre-sowing treatment with EPMMg composition was the highest for plants of both varieties. Analysis of the yield structure of winter rye showed higher yields when using a composition of metabolically active compounds EPMMg due to such elements as productive tillering, the number of grains in the ear, and the weight of 1000 grains. It is obvious that the demonstrated increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) and the area of the leaf blade also contributes to the formation of plants with higher biological yields. Therefore, pre-sowing treatment with metabolically active compounds can be considered an effective method of agricultural technology, which has a positive effect on the size of the crop structure and the yield of winter rye varieties Synthetic 38 and Zabava. Substances that have shown their effectiveness can be used as components of stimulants.