THE STRUCTURE OF PRISON SENTENCING AS A MECHANISM FOR ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WOMEN’S RESOCIALIZATION

Non-military chaplaincy service is still undergoing its formative stage in Ukraine. Due to both objective and subjective factors, the most developed areas of chaplaincy are in the healthcare system and penitentiary institutions. This is primarily due to the high demand for pastoral care in institutions where individuals find themselves in critical and stressful situations. The rapid development of these areas of chaplaincy work has also been facilitated by their incorporation into current legislation, which regulates the rights of chaplains and service recipients, defines the obligations of both parties, and establishes the framework for their activities. In our view, other chaplaincy sectors, such as student (academic) chaplaincy, orphan care, and support for refugees who have temporarily left the country due to the war, remain somewhat underestimated. The article emphasizes that in wartime conditions, the support of security forces by religious organizations — through military and police chaplaincy — is of paramount importance. However, equally crucial is the involvement of clergy in the psychological rehabilitation of individuals with severe injuries, amputations, and post-traumatic stress disorders, as well as in providing assistance to families affected by military actions. After all, thousands of families have lost loved ones or are caring for war-disabled relatives. Spiritual support for the younger generation, as well as the rehabilitation and reintegration of prisoners, is also of great importance. The author also analyzes the reasons behind the increasing demands for higher quality chaplaincy services, particularly the need for clergy to acquire deeper knowledge in the fields of medicine, law, education, or child psychology. The conclusions highlight a significant expansion of the social base of non-military chaplaincy within society. This includes the provision of services not only to patients (prisoners, students, etc.) but also to their relatives and staff in medical, penitentiary, educational, and rehabilitation institutions. The author asserts that in the near future, the chaplaincy movement will extend beyond formal interfaith associations, and chaplaincy mandates will be granted to all clergy who meet the requirements established by law and regulatory acts.

In correctional facilities, due to the high incidence of bacterial infections, antibiotics are widely prescribed. As a result, it may occur a massive and improper use of antibiotics, which promotes the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, in literature, specific experiences, interventions or guidelines aimed to optimize their prescription within prisons are sporadic. In an Italian hospital where belong patients from four penitentiary institutions, a multidisciplinary team has implemented an antimicrobial stewardship project. The aim of the project was to reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance in penitentiary institutions by optimizing and rationalizing antibiotic prescribing. Following the analysis of microbiological prevalence and antibiotic consumption data within correctional facilities, the Antimicrobial Stewardship Team developed operational tools to support prison healthcare staff to manage properly antibiotic therapies. The analysis showed a gradual increase in antibiotic resistance: in 2021 the prevalence of resistant microorganisms was 1.75%, four times higher than in 2019. In contrast, between 2019 and 2021, antibiotic consumption decreased by 24%. Based on consumption data, pharmacy has drafted an antibiotic formulary for correctional facilities, supplemented with guidelines and data sheets, and also developed a prescription form for critical antibiotics. Results showed an increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance within prisons, highlighting the need to establish a dedicated antimicrobial stewardship program. This project may impact positively not only on prisoners, but also for the entire community, as prisons can be considered as places of health education and promotion.

The article provides a psychological analysis of the organization of social and educational activities in penitentiary institutions and examines the specifics of psychologists’ work in such institutions with prisoners in terms of its optimization. The general status (legal capacity) of a convict does not depend on the qualification of the crime committed or their stay in places of detention. It is determined that the non-personalized quality (feature) of a convict is his general legal status of «convict», not his subjective ability, behavior, personal views, or position in society. An important stage for each convict is his resocialization, namely the process of consciously returning to normal life and adapting to society. Social and educational work in penitentiary institutions is based on the creation of effective mechanisms for the rehabilitation and resocialization of convicts. The process of resocialization includes changes in the personality of the convict, changes in their consciousness and the formation of an attitude to law-abiding life. The process of psychocorrection and resocialization of discharged prisoner is a new adaptation of the personality to the social midst, adaptation of norms, laws, traditions, customs which were lost earlier or undergone considerable distortion on condition that one was imprisoned. Thus from this stage it will be depended the further lawful and vice versa criminal vital activity of the person. And here, an important role is played by the process of psychocorrection, which allows to eliminate any shortcomings in the development of the convict’s personality. In this case, the convict must be psychologically ready and motivated to change their lifestyle. In the context of the presented work, the author’s position on the diversity of the object and subject of penitentiary psychology as a separate sub-branch of legal psychology is expressed. This branch of psychology studies the psychological facts, patterns and underlying mechanisms of behavior of convicts in penitentiary institutions, the formation of a socio-psychological model of re-education of prisoners and changes in their negative social and personal attitudes, as well as the development of effective mechanisms of socio-psychological influence used by the staff of penitentiary institutions in the process of executing various types of punishment.

Abstract. Penitentiary Institution is a place to carry out coaching for the residents inside. According to the Law, the coaching process of women penitentiary residents must be inside the institution. The existence of a special prison for women can be a solution for empowering and fostering inmates, especially women so that they can be organized and systematic. Using the theme of behavioral architecture, which discusses human relations with the surrounding environment, of course, the psychology of penitentiary residents as human beings must be considered.Class IIA Women Penitentiary in Sidoarjo apply the theme of Behavioral Architecture and use the Security concept to provide a design appearance that gives a strong impression and is able to influence coaching activities both directly and indirectly. The design of the land arrangement uses the concept security applied in layered fences, layered doors, and guard posts.Keywords: Penitentiary, Women, Sidoarjo City, Behavioral Architecture, Humane.

This research aims to elucidate the effectiveness of Islamic religious education in Women's Penitentiary Institution III Mataram, including its planning, process, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in the rehabilitation of drug-related and other inmates. The study employs a quantitative approach involving in-depth interviews with inmates, participatory observation of program implementation, and analysis of relevant documents. Data analysis techniques encompass four stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The application of behaviorist theory in Islamic religious education demonstrates positive outcomes at Women's Penitentiary Institution III Mataram. Inmates receive structured and continuous Islamic religious education. The learning process is supported by prison officers who play an active facilitator role in the learning process. The opportunity for inmates to fully engage in learning activities has successfully transformed their behavioral patterns. Inmates show improvement in their understanding and practice of religion, becoming more disciplined in performing religious rituals such as prayers, reading the Qur'an, and participating in other religious activities. Interviews with inmates also reveal that they feel the program helps them understand the mistakes they have made, and they are committed not to repeat them after their release from prison. Thus, the behaviorist approach in Islamic religious education at Women's Penitentiary Institution III Mataram significantly contributes to the rehabilitation process of drug-related inmates.

Prohibited items and substances have been smuggled into correctional institutions since their inception and will be smuggled as long as these institutions continue to function. Technological progress sets ever new challenges for restricted access facilities, including the institutions of the RF Federal Penitentiary Service. In recent years, penitentiary institutions have recorded dozens of attempts to deliver prohibited items (drugs, mobile devices, alcohol, etc.) by unmanned aerial vehicles to a closed area. Currently, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is developing and implementing equipment that will allow detecting and blocking drones, quadrocopters and other unmanned aerial vehicles near correctional facilities and pre-trial detention centers. Protection against the quadcopter's unwanted penetration into the restricted access area is to take control over it and land it in a designated place. When an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) approaches the territory of the correctional facility, the detection system is triggered, it determines the UAV's unique identification number and then proceeds to seize control over it. At any time of the day and regardless of weather and other conditions, excluding the influence of the human factor, the protection system is able to independently detect the UAV and land it in a designated place. The system is able to intercept it not only when it is trying to cross the perimeter, but also when it is approaching a restricted access facility at a distance of several hundred meters. The fight against small-sized quadrocopters has long been massive; there are dozens of ready-made solutions for protecting any objects, including correctional facilities. One of these solutions may be a perimeter security radar complex: the control of airspace over a facility and its adjacent territory with the help of radar stations is a traditional way of detecting air targets.

Target Characteristic (TC) detection capability evaluation is a hotly studied topic due to its importance in the development of Optical Imaging Satellite (OIS). In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the OIS-TC detection capability. We use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to build an Optical Imaging Satellite Target Characteristics Detection Capability Evaluation Index System (OIS-TC-DCEIS). Based on this system and the evaluation of expert, we obtain Weight Coefficient (WC) of Satellite Performance Parameter (SPP). And then, we nondimensionalize physical values of SPPs to get the Evaluation Index Values (EIV). During the process of obtaining the WC and EIV, we use experts’ experience as a reference. After that, we construct an evaluation equation to calculate the OIS-TC detection capability by using WC and EIV. As an example, we use this method to evaluate the TC detection capability of SJ-9 satellite and GF-2 satellite.

The period of imprisonment in a penitentiary institution has four overall purposes: retribution, incapacitation, deterrence and rehabilitation. Retribution means punishment for crimes against society; it purportedly prevents future crime by removing the desire for personal avengement against the convict. Incapacitation refers to the removal of criminals from society so that they can no longer harm innocent people, and it prevents future crime by removing the convict from society. Deterrence means the prevention of future crime. Rehabilitation prevents future crime by modifying a convict's behavior and refers to those activities designed to change criminals into law abiding citizens. Rehabilitation may include providing educational and vocational programs in prison, teaching job skills and offering counselling with a psychologist or social worker. The rehabilitation does not necessarily come to an end at the moment of release, it can continue later. Recent scholarship indicates a shifting perspective on the responsibility of correctional institutions for successful reentry. Reentry begins on the first day of incarceration. Commonly, there are three phases of offender reentry programs: programs that take place during incarceration, which aim to prepare offenders for their eventual release; programs that take place during offenders' release period, which seek to connect ex-offenders with the various services they may require; and long-term programs that take place as ex-offenders permanently reintegrate back into their communities, which attempt to provide offenders with support and supervision. In Hungary, the first and second phases are known and used, but currently the system lacks long-term programmes. In the short period (maximum 1 year) after release, the activities of non-governmental, church and other charitable organizations greatly contribute to realizing reintegration. To reach the goals of reintegration, it is important that the inmate voluntarily and actively participate; that all sectors of prison life be purposefully coordinated, and that ‘free society' collaborate. This article describes how education is delivered in Hungarian prisons. The duty of correctional institutions is, along with detaining the convict, to facilitate inmates' reintegration into society in the greatest numbers possible. Reintegration and resocialization starts in the correctional facility and after release, the inmates are assisted by non-government organizations (NGOs). In Hungary, the actions of authorities and social organizations complement each other to facilitate inmate reentry. The situation is, however, exacerbated by the fact the rate of social involvement in Hungary is slight, which seriously hinders successful reintegration.

Starting from the concept prison gangs, who have given famous penologists Carlson, Garrett, Fleischer, Reason and others, the author pointed out that until now the subject of empirical research were not gangs of inmates in penitentiary institutions of the Republic of Serbia. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct a study to determine the characteristics of prison gangs in Serbia, where it came to comparing the results obtained with the characteristics of a gang of convicts in the US penitentiary system. The author has analyzed the structure of prison gangs in a correctional institution in Niš and in a correctional institution for juveniles in Valjevo, stating the mode of progression in the structure of gangs. The basis of the existence of gangs in prisons is engaging in criminal activities. Before he dealt what are the criminal activities of prison gangs in a correctional institution in Niš and in a correctional institution for juveniles in Valjevo, the author stated that the crimes carried out gangs of prisoners in US jails, noting that these criminal activities do not differ. One of the ways of carrying out criminal activities in prisons is the use of violence. While data on violence among convicts gangs in American prisons can be easily reached, the management of the correctional facility in Niš, as well as in a correctional institution for juveniles in Valjevo, does not keep such records, and it is impossible to know whether a particular violence in penitentiry institution has been set up as a result of relations in a prisoner gangs, and as a result of the conflict with the other prisoners' band, or due to other circumstances. However, in addition to the use of violence by prisoners' gang is due to code violations. Communication of prison gangs must be done in a discreet way with hindering information messages transmitted by the prison administration. Therefore, using a variety of encrypted messages in American prisons. Unlike them, the gang of convicts in a correctional facility in Niš and in a correctional institution for juveniles in Valjevo do not use an encrypted message, body language to communicate with each other, as well as a special code. The reason for this is the fact that prisoners' gang in prison in Niš and in prison for juveniles in Valjevo do not pose such a threat that prevents the functioning of the penitentiary institution committing various criminal acts, and therefore there is no need for special protection of communications of members of the prison gangs. The last part is dedicated to the code of conduct, stating the rules that must be respected.

Legal protection against Correctional Officers in carrying out security duties is based on Law No. 12 of 1995 concerning Correctional Services. Given the risks posed by security duties at Correctional Institutions, the Security Officers need to be given legal protection so that the aims and objectives of implementing security tasks can be achieved. which in turn the correctional goals themselves can be realized. With such a background, there are two main problems in implementing legal protection against correctional officers, namely: First What is the legal protection of Correctional Officers in the implementation of security duties at the Padang Class IIA Correctional Institution? Second What are the Constraints of Constraints encountered in the Implementation of Legal Protection for Correctional Officers in the Implementation of the Duty of Security at the Padang Class IIA Correctional Institution? The implementation of legal protection in terms of answering the existing problems, which is seen in the implementation in Padang Class IIA Lapas can be understood that the legal protection of correctional officers in Lapas Klas IIA Padang is carried out based on legal provisions regarding correctional facilities. In this case Padang Class IIA Lapas provides legal protection to correctional officers in carrying out security duties carried out in accordance with applicable legal rules concerning correctional duties and legal rules regarding security itself. The rule of implementative law regarding correcting about safeguards refers to legal rules regarding correctional codes of ethics and legal rules concerning the security of prisons regulated in Permenkumham Number M.HH-16.KP.05.02 of 2011 concerning the Code of Conduct for Correctional Staff and Permenkumham No. 33 of 2015 concerning Security at Penitentiary Institutions and State Detention Houses. The implementation of legal protection against correctional officers in carrying out security duties is carried out based on these legal rules, so that legal protection for correctional officers can be provided in the event that correctional officers carry out security duties based on applicable legal rules.

The issue of modernizing Ukraine's penitentiary system, which is currently in a state of crisis, is highly relevant. One potential solution involves attracting private capital to reform penitentiary institutions. This article examines the feasibility of introducing private prisons in Ukraine by analyzing international experience, as well as the legal, economic, and social aspects of this phenomenon. The article argues for the need to adopt alternative approaches to managing penitentiary institutions to ensure the protection of prisoners' rights, improve their detention conditions, and optimize state budget expenditures. The research methods employed include legislative analysis, comparative analysis of international practices, statistical methods, and expert evaluations. The article analyzes the operation of private prisons in countries with different legal systems, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and others, while exploring the opportunities and risks of applying these models in Ukraine. The authors suggest that implementing private prisons could be promising but would require clear regulation, effective state oversight, and measures to minimize corruption risks. The study concludes that while the economic efficiency of private prisons is well-documented, implementing this system in Ukraine is possible only if transparency in management decisions is enhanced and the rule of law is upheld. Particular attention is paid to the concepts of "private prison" and "public-private partnership," as well as the assessment of social risks and the potential for reforming the penal system. The study establishes the feasibility of a pilot introduction of private facilities in the form of pre-trial detention centers, followed by monitoring their performance. The authors present their recommendations for improving the regulatory framework governing the penitentiary system and creating mechanisms for monitoring the activities of private prisons. Keywords: penitentiary system, private prisons, public-private partnership, international experience, reforms, economic efficiency.

Relevance. The urgency of developing energy-efficient competence in construction specialists at the current stage is determined by several factors: economic – the implementation of investments in infrastructure reconstruction requires significant financial resources, but increasing energy efficiency will lead to reduced energy consumption in the future; environmental – reducing energy consumption contributes to a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions through the transition to renewable energy sources and other low-carbon technologies. Objective: To determine the pedagogical conditions for the development of energy-efficient competence in future construction industry professionals. Methods: Theoretical analysis of pedagogical literature and educational-methodological documentation regarding the formation of energy-efficient competence in construction industry specialists; surveying pedagogical staff and methodologists of vocational education institutions – to determine the list of pedagogical conditions for the development of the studied phenomenon; expert evaluation – to select the most significant pedagogical conditions for the formation of energy-efficient competence in future construction industry professionals. Results: Through the analysis of theoretical sources, educational and methodological literature, legislative acts, and surveys of teachers, masters, and industrial training instructors, a list of pedagogical conditions for the development of energy-efficient competence in future construction industry professionals was identified; to optimize the identified factors influencing the development of the studied phenomenon, their ranking and expert evaluation were conducted. Conclusions: According to experts, the main pedagogical conditions influencing the development of energy-efficient competence in future construction industry professionals are: "Availability of teachers who possess energy-efficient competence and improvement of their qualifications in the field of energy-efficient technologies," "Use of active learning methods (project-based learning, case methods, etc.) for the formation of energy-efficient competence," "Creation of an appropriate educational creative environment that will influence the formation of energy-efficient competence in students."

The article is addressed to the consideration of the psychological features of the implementation of the educational influence mechanisms in penitentiary institutions, because the main goal of the work of the criminal and executive system is effective educational influence on a person who has broken the law. Such influence cannot be carried out forcibly and on the basis of intimidation, therefore the relevance of the topic stated by the author lies in the analysis of the psychological features of the educational influence on the convict in order to improve the quality of psychological and pedagogical work aimed at the resocialization of the convict. The authors consider the peculiarities of the term ‘psychological influence’, and analyzes the peculiarities of its implementation by employees of the criminal enforcement service. The work traces the correlation between the concept of “dynamic security” and socio-psychological influence, which is determined by the need to establish positive relationships between the personnel and convicts for the implementation of effective correctional socio-psychological influence. The work analyzes the factors that affect the influence process and the essential characteristics of the influence process itself, which must be taken into account by the personnel during the performance of official duties. The article raises such problematic issues as: researching the convict’s needs through which influence can be exerted, identifying the target of influence and observing the rules for delivering messages to the object of influence. Based on the analyzed theoretical sources, the basic components of influence are highlighted: behavior, attitudes, cognition. The article also emphasizes that a change in one of the components entails a change in the others. Therefore, for an effective psychological impact, the employees of the criminal and executive system are suggested to focus their attention on the emotional and psychological characteristics of the convict; peculiarities of his interaction with the group and taking into account his social position in it; cultural and educational level of the convict; social connections outside the prison; features of criminal thinking. The main factors of the effectiveness of the implementation of social and psychological influence are highlighted, which should be observed by the employees of the institutions of execution of punishments when working with the objects of influence. In the work, the author comes to the conclusion that the establishment of positive, frank and open relations between the staff of the penal institution and the convicts contributes to the effective socio-psychological influence on the latter and thereby increases the level and effectiveness of resocialization. Key words: impact, psychological impact, socio-psychological impact, execution of punishments, dynamic security, criminal and executive service.

A comparative analysis of the state of drug-related crime in penitentiary institutions and at the national level is carried out. The author identifies the main determinants that led to a sharp increase in the number of criminal offences committed in penitentiary institutions related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors. The author establishes that one of the main factors of the spread of drug-related crimes on the territory of the mentioned institutions is the possibility for convicts and persons taken into custody to illegally use mobile communications and the Internet to establish communication with criminal groups outside the institution engaged in the manufacture and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Among the main factors of the sharp increase in the quantitative indicators of drug crimes and their prevalence in penal institutions are the concentration of a significant number of people who consume and distribute narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, as well as the growing prevalence of synthetic narcotic drugs. The conditions that contribute to the spread of criminal offenses of this type include the detention of convicts in multi-bed dormitories, inadequate equipment of institutions with engineering and technical means of preventing the entry of prohibited substances into institutions for the execution of punishments. Based on the results of the research, the author came to the conclusion that in the last five years there has been a significant increase in the number of criminal offenses related to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, committed by groups of persons. This trend indicates the growing organization and scaling of this type of crime. The existence of criminal integration links and interdependence of drug crime at the national level and in institutions of execution of punishments is substantiated. Key words: convicts, deprivation of liberty, criminal offense, narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, dynamics of drug crime, crime prevention, staff of penal institutions.

The article is devoted to the study of the criminal radicalism determination among convicts. It has been established and substantiated that this criminal phenomenon is linked to groups of cultural, psychological, organizational and managerial factors. It has been described and explained the content and role of elements of criminal subculture in the reproduction of criminal radicalism among convicts. Attention has been focused on the imperative of a negative attitude towards voluntary cooperation with representatives of the administration of penal institutions. The corresponding communication ban is based on the attitude of opposition to the state in general and law enforcement agencies in particular, on the internal consolidation of the criminal environment and direct or indirect opposition and personal opposition to law enforcement practices, including resocialization in penitentiary institutions. It has been proved that the stratification and normative elements of criminal and prison subculture determine both the system of social and status hierarchy in the criminal environment in general and among convicts in particular, and the mechanisms of forced identification and inclusion in this system. Both variants (inclusive-adaptive and inclusive-disadaptive) of prisonization provide for mandatory stratification infiltration of the convicted person into social structures of a criminal-subcultural type. In the case of conflict-free inclusion, if the convict has a predicate prison experience, personal perception and external recognition of the relevant status, the radicalization of a person occurs according to the analytical scheme of an inclusive radical. Criminal opposition is carried out either against rival criminal groups or against the administration and staff of the penitentiary institution. Otherwise, criminal radicalism is directed at the environment of convicts. It has been characterized the influence of reification factors, depersonalization of convicts' personalities, professional deformation of penitentiary staff, low quality of social and psychological work with convicts, shortcomings in the personnel policy of the State Criminal Executive Service of Ukraine, insufficient efficiency of management in the field of accommodation of convicts, formalism and low quality of diagnosis and distribution of convicts upon their admission to correctional colonies, and errors in the formation of groups of convicts.