The Street as Economic Space

In recent years, increasing number of historical and cultural districts are planned top-down as economic space in China. New economic activities have proliferated in these areas, even though original residents, some of them elderly, still live there. These new activities increase the complexity of such districts and bring about a series of conflicts, such as conflicts between economic space and life space and between visitors and residents. Hybrid space, which is a mixture of economic space and life space, is essential because it provides leisure zones for people to live, relax, communicate and consume in. However, inclusive design for hybrid space is seldom discussed. Using Yong Qing Fang-a historical and cultural area of Guangzhou-as a case study, this research defines ‘hybrid space’ and explores the conflicts between economic space and life space within hybrid space. By adopting the qualitative research methods of field observations, three types of conflicts of hybrid space are addressed and the barriers to and opportunities for inclusive design strategies for hybrid space are identified. Based on these findings, some suggestions are provided for researchers, urban planners and policy-makers to consider in combining the economic space and life space within hybrid districts in an inclusive way, and a framework is presented for the evaluate of inclusive design for hybrid space.

Formulation of the problem. In modern conditions, in particular after the beginning of full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine on February 24, 2022, it poses a number of serious problems to the world in various dimensions. The economic space of world civilization is one of them. First of all, this is due to the fact that in conditions of war, especially full-scale, important factors in victory are not only the quantitative military advantage of one of the warring parties, but also economic advantages based on modern production technologies. At the same time, there are questions of consolidation of the world community on the side of the country that fell victim to the aggressor country. In this particular case, we are talking about Ukraine, which was attacked by the Russian Federation. It is the consolidation of European Union member states, NATO member states, as well as individual countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Poland, Germany, Japan, Australia and other countries that strengthens Ukraine's unequal struggle with Russia. In addition, the role of international organizations such as the UN, the EU, the World Trade Organization and others cannot be underestimated. Combining the efforts of individual states, international organizations, and international economic systems that oppose the aggressive policy of the Russian Federation, undermines the efforts of the aggressor country in the sphere of world domination. The economic sanctions imposed by the world's leading countries and international organizations at the very beginning of Russia's full-scale aggression against Ukraine put the economy of the aggressor country, in particular its financial system, on the brink of disaster. Practically today there is a reorientation and reorganization of the world economic civilization system and the creation of a new paradigm of economic security. This is the largest transformation since the Second World War, as the security mechanisms in general and economic security in particular, enshrined in the UN Charter, the 1975 Helsinki Accords do not provide any guarantees today. Even the Budapest Memorandum, which guaranteed Ukraine's security and territorial integrity, did not work and was violated by the Russian Federation, which signed the document. Analysis of recent research and publications. At the moment, there are no fundamental and generalizing works on this subject, as the topic itself is quite new and requires a comprehensive study in the future. At the same time, there are a large number of assessments of the current situation and prospects for the development of the world's civilized economic global space. The purpose of this study is to determine the possible prospects for the transformation of the world's civilized economic space and the new place of Ukraine in this system. Results of the research. The article attempts to consider the prospects of global reorientation of the world economic space in the context of modern large-scale changes against the background of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Conclusions. As a result of the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, it posed a number of serious risks to the world community in the economic, political, military, environmental and other spheres. The world had to react to the disturbance of world balance and balance caused by Russia's aggressive policy. As a result, a number of decisive steps have been taken by the world community in the field of reorientation of the global economic space.

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETING SPACE OF THE ECONOMICS OF EXPERIENCE

This paper describes new macroeconomic wave processes on economic space. We model macroeconomics as multi-agent system and risk ratings of economic agents play role of their coordinates on economic space. Number n of risks for which ratings of economic agents are measured defines dimension n of economic space. Aggregates of economic or financial variables of economic agents near point x define macroeconomic variables as functions of coordinates on economic space. Evolution of macroeconomic variables like Investment, GDP, Demand, Credits and etc., is determined by economic and financial transactions between economic agents. Transactions between economic agents at points x and y describe macroeconomic “action-at-a-distance” on economic space. Aggregates of transactions between economic agents at point x and y determine economic fields A(x,y) as functions of two variables on economic space. Such economic fields A(x,y) can describe amount of Credits provided from economic agents at point x to economic agents at point y and thus amount of Loans received by agents at point y from agents at point x. Economic fields determine evolution of all macroeconomic variables on economic space. We describe economic fields by hydrodynamic-like equations on economic space with 2n-dimension. Economic agents fill macroeconomic area that is determined by minimum and maximum risk grades that define most risky and most secure economic agents. Economic and financial shocks can disturb steady borders of macroeconomic area and cause perturbations of economic fields values. Disturbances of economic fields can generate waves that propagate along macroeconomic borders alike to surface waves in fluids. For simplest example that models one-dimensional economic space and interaction between two economic fields that describe Commodities Supply and Payments for Commodities we derive hydrodynamic like equations on economic fields in a closed form. For this model we derive economic field surface wave equations. Diversity of waves in simplest macroeconomic models on economic space designates importance of concealed wave processes for macroeconomic modeling and crises forecasting.

The article deals with the problem of transportation of agricultural products. The main causes of problems in this area are identified. The mechanism of creating favorable conditions in the system of globalization relations of the modern economy is analyzed. The fundamental elements in the transport system are competition orientation and information ownership over a certain period of time. Globalization involves the integration of different types of transport systems at the sectoral characteristics. The purpose of the research is to study the essence, meaning and prospects of the concept of “economic transport space in the national food supply system" in the processes of food market globalization. The main indicators of the “economic space" are: first, to determine the parameters that characterize the economic transport space, and secondly, to determine the prospects for using its structural elements in the system of transport supply relations, depending on the temporal and spatial components in the modern sector of the economy to provide food for the needs of society.

Forms of economic and social space - Socio-economic space in its constitution and evolution is the result of a dialectical process — economic space is in conflict with that of other social activities. Would it not be possible to rehabilitate a certain social space — the countryside — so that it can constitute a counter weight to balance the hegemony of economic factors ?

Establishing a framework for studying the emerging cislunar economy

The article deals with the concept of social and economic space, especially peculiarities of their use in modern management. Components of social and economic space, which interact with each other and together form interconnected systems, are considered. Common characteristics of concepts of social and economic space, the main of which are: conditionality, processes crossroads, consolidation, harmonization, information and communication environment, are established. It is found that the main approaches to the analysis of social and economic environment in total are territorial, resource, information approaches to the analysis that can have vertical-horizontal and functional nature.It is investigated that market social and economic space is characterized by the following features: integrity, cyclicity, dynamics, availability of development vector, competitiveness subject to stability to various changes. Availability of the system of outward and inward relations, their dynamic character with clear mechanism of interaction, high activity and manageability are also its characteristic features.Phases of the life cycle of social and economic space and their impact on the analysis of market space are studied. The basic directions to overcome disparities of the analysis and the development of social and economic space are offered.

Microcredit for enterprise in the UK as an ‘alternative’ economic space

The article analyzes the innovation and information aspects of the structural organization of the world political and economic space in terms of increasing the importance of knowledge-intensive production in meeting social needs. It develops theoretical aspects of establishing international economic relations in the conditions of deepening global confrontation between hierarchical and network structures of the global political and economic space. The institutional structure of the world political and economic space in terms of functional, normative, relational and stratification aspects is studied. It is determined that the global economy and world politics interact in accordance with the strategic direction of the global society development, the dominant position in which is occupied by information and communication technologies that provide opportunities to optimize the operation of actors in international relations and knowledge, the volume of which determines the integrated the position of the individual in the space of social inequalities, associated with a specific set of life opportunities. From the standpoint of the existential approach, it is argued that the globalization of the world economy generates a wide range of internal interests and human motivations, stimulates its purposeful influence on shaping the global information infrastructure, global productive forces and transformation of international economic relations on the natural basis of cognitive capital and social capital. The communicative and informational properties, the specifics of accumulation and the latest trends in the reproduction of social capital within the world political and economic space are considered. The paper reveals the criterion assessment of the effectiveness of rent-oriented social networks as a structural basis of the world political and economic space and the social legitimacy of international power structures for regulating the global social processes. The research results were scientifically substantiated on the basis of combining the concepts of existential approach and general scientific, special methods of scientific cognition (logical-dialectical method, method of systemic analysis, comparative method, economic-statistical method, method of theoretical generalization).

Describing, studying, and creating new economic spaces, James W. Harrington and Richard Le Heron Network, embeddedness, and cluster processes of new economic spaces in Korea, Sam Ock Park High tech 'Large Firms' in Greater Vancouver, British Columbia: congregation without clustering?, Roger Hayter, Kevin Rees and Jerry Patchell Geographic context and radical innovation: the formation of knowledge in the American and Japanese electronic musical instrument industries, Tim Reiffenstein Governing by 'Certifying': international standards organization and capability maturity models as regulatory practices in offshore software outsourcing, St. Petersburg, Russia, Melanie Feakins Geopolitical economy of global syndicated credit markets, Bongman Seo State governance, regulatory processes and entrepreneurship: Singapore's concentrating banking sector, Shuang-Yann Wong Foreign direct investment and economic change in the Yangtze Valley, China: opening up a new economic space, Yufang Shen Cooperating to realign supply chains: representations, networks and tacit knowledge in New Zealand's dairy and sheep meat industries, Guy Penny Placing economic development narratives into emerging economic spaces: Project Jeep, 1996-1997, Jay D. Gatrell and Neil Reid Israel as a post-industrial space of work and leisure: a value stretch of lifestyle attributes, Baruch A. Kipnis Electronic waste, global value chains and environmental policy response in China, Xin Tong Environmental symbiosis and renewal of old industrial districts in Japan: cases of Kawasaki and Kitakyushu, Atsuhiko Takeuchi and Hiroyasu Motoki Environmental regulation and economic spaces: the Mexican leather and footwear industrial districts, Raul Pacheco and Hadi Dowlatabadi Concepts of regional collaboration as points of entry into regional institutional analyses, Martina Fromhold-Eisebith Negotiating culture and economy in high-technology industries: governance through intellectual property in new economic spaces, Marcus A. Doel, Kevin G. Rees and Tamsin E. C. Davies Regions as institutions, inter-regional firms and new economic spaces, Roger Hayter Potential and limitation of new industrial policy in Korea: fostering innovative clusters, Ji-Sun Choi Academic economic geography and sites of economic geography practice: examples and reflections from New Zealand, Richard Le Heron Index.

This paper describes macroeconomics as multi-agent system alike to multi-particle system. Economic agents are treated as simple units of macroeconomics on economic space. Risk ratings of economic agents play role of their coordinates on economic space. Aggregates of economic variables of economic agents at point x define macroeconomic variables as functions f(t,x) of time t and coordinates x on economic space. Macroeconomic variables depend on economic and financial transactions between economic agents. Aggregates of transactions between economic agents at point x and y on economic space define economic fields F(x,y) as functions of two coordinates. Economic fields F(x,y) determine evolution of macroeconomic variables. To describe dynamics of economic fields on economic space we derive hydrodynamic-like equations. For simple models of interactions between economic fields we derive hydrodynamic-like equations in a closed form and obtain wave equations for their perturbations. Amplitudes of economic field waves on economic space can grow as exponent in time and can induce economic and financial crises. Diversity of macroeconomic and financial waves on economic space in simple models underlines importance of wave processes for modeling and forecasting.

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the conceptual foundations of the formation and development of the space economy in a global dimension, to determine its contribution to sustainable development, and to identify the key challenges that may constrain this process in the future. Methodology. The research methodology includes: the application of a systemic approach to defining the conceptual foundations and categorical framework of the examined phenomenon; identification of development trends in the space economy at the level of global actors and, specifically, the European Union and its competitiveness in this sector, which involves the use of statistical analysis of official data, comparative methods for cross-country benchmarking, and content analysis of analytical and academic sources to assess and determine developmental trajectories; an assessment of the orientation of the space economy towards sustainable development through frame analysis, which enables the identification of boundaries for the integration of sustainable development goals into the sector’s evolution; and predictive analysis to evaluate future directions of growth and potential barriers. Results. The study systematizes approaches to defining the concept of the space economy, distinguishing resource-based, structural, responsibility-oriented, goal-oriented, and balanced approaches. It identifies the stages of global development of the space economy, namely: the emergence of the space sector under government leadership (1950s–1960s); the commercialization of space activities through public–industrial partnerships (1970s–2000s); the "New Space" stage characterized by the interaction of entrepreneurship, state, and industry (2000s–2022); and the stage of renewed international competition in space technologies and exploration at the state level (from 2022 to the present). The findings reveal that technological and scientific advances in the space economy facilitate the implementation of sustainable development goals within the EU, supported by the modernization of the sector’s regulatory framework. Moreover, during the period 2010–2024, investment volumes and industry sales exhibited steady growth despite crises in global and national economies, with the EU space economy demonstrating particular resilience. This suggests that the sector is currently in the growth stage of its life cycle. The research also outlines a set of threats and risks to the development of the EU space economy, the mitigation of which will strengthen its competitive position in the global market. Practical implications. The recommendations developed in this study may serve as a foundation for programmatic frameworks of global partnerships as well as partnerships at the level of Ukraine and EU space economy stakeholders. Value/originality. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the advancement of the conceptual foundations of the space economy and in identifying the specific features of its evolutionary, economic, technological, and organizational development, with particular attention to its role in fostering the achievement of sustainable development goals.

Economic space for social innovation is not bounded by markets. Further to the money-based exchange relations in markets, there is self and informal provision based on social norms such as reciprocity, community, public provision of entitlements and of public goods organized via political processes, and professional provision based on expert knowledge. Although these ideal-types blur in practice, they show the rich contours and collaborative pluralism of economic space. Fostering fair space for social innovation requires taking all these modes and their relations into account. Social innovations as messages signal to the public where a change in mode or a reconfiguration of modes is demanded. Fairness as a matter of taking the perspective of those marginalized and least advantaged, calls for evaluative scrutiny with respect to such messages: do social innovations empower beneficiaries to become agents; and do they consider their well-being as patients?

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of economic space of the region under the influence of marketing innovations, which is especially relevant in the conditions of modern challenges that change economic environment of Ukraine. In the context of globalisation and digitalisation of the economy, the regions are faced with the need to increase competitiveness, attract investments and intensify local development. Marketing innovations, such as the use of digital platforms, smart technologies and modern approaches to communications, contribute to the formation of new economic ties, increase the efficiency of resource use and create additional value. At the same time, the development of economic space of the region requires the implementation of comprehensive strategies that integrate innovative marketing tools to intensify the business environment, improve infrastructure and develop human capital. This allows the regions to adapt to modern challenges, such as global competition, climatic change, technological shifts, as well as to specific conditions faced by Ukraine, in particular the functioning of the economy under martial law. In such circumstances, it is especially important to ensure sustainable economic growth, support local business, optimise the use of resources and attract investment, which requires the implementation of innovative marketing approaches that can intensify regional development, even in conditions of increased instability. Thus, the study of the impact of marketing innovations on the transformation of regional economic space is important from both a scientific and practical point of view, since it contributes to the formation of theoretical foundations and the development of effective tools for regional development. The purpose of the work was to analyse the impact of modern marketing tools, such as digital technologies, artificial intelligence and personalised strategies, on the formation of regional competitiveness and the intensification of cluster development. The study uses an analytical method for systematising literary sources, a comparative method for studying the features of cluster development in different regions, as well as synthesis and generalisation methods for developing recommendations. The article considers the development of economic space of the region, which depends on many factors, among which innovations and technologies, demographic changes and infrastructure play the key role. In particular, the implementation of the latest technologies changes the structure of economic space, contributing to the emergence of new industries and business models. The chronology of transformations of economic space of the regions of Ukraine in 1991-2024 is investigated and key features of changes in each of these periods are determined. Particular attention is paid to the formation of integrated economic space, which is an important aspect of modern regional development. It is established that this process depends on the influence of a number of factors and faces numerous challenges that slow down its implementation. The development of clusters, infrastructural integration, digitalisation and ecological component are among promising directions of the formation of integrated economic space. It is noted that the creation of sectoral and intersectoral clusters contributes to the integration of enterprises and organisations working in related fields. The development of a modern transport and logistics network ensures the connectivity of the region, uniting different territories into a single system. The use of digital technologies in the processes of economic space management increases the effectiveness of interaction between its entities, and the integration of environmental standards contributes to the formation of a sustainable economic space. The role of marketing innovations in the transformation of economic space of the regions of Ukraine is considered. Examples of implementation of innovative approaches, including the activities of the Kharkiv IT cluster and the development of Lviv tourist brand, which illustrate positive impact of marketing innovations on regional economy, are given. The impact of modern technologies on marketing strategies is investigated and an instrumental matrix for assessing the impact of marketing innovations on regional economic space is proposed. This matrix can be the basis for developing practical decisions aimed at stimulating regional development and ensuring sustainable economic growth. The results of the work demonstrate that innovative marketing strategies help to strengthen economic integration, develop industry clusters, create a favorable business environment and attract investment