Abstract
AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the overall space segment system architecture, where the term space segment has to be interpreted in a broader context, as it can represent a single satellite, a satellite constellation (or formation), an interplanetary probe, a manned space transportation system, or even an entire space station. The main components of a space vehicle are described. This comprises the propulsion, attitude and orbit control, transceiver, onboard computer, data handling, power, and thermal subsystems. The interface between the satellite and the ground segment is outlined and the most relevant data exchange explained in more detail. The most prominent operational modes of a space vehicle are described, which typically comprise the standby mode, separation mode, orbit correction mode, nominal mode, and the safe mode. Finally, the typical phases and milestones of the satellite life cycle are outlined which encompass the requirements and design stage, followed by the implementation, integration, and testing activities which then lead to the flight and launch readiness reviews. Prior to launch, the key loading and fuelling is performed. Once in orbit, the LEOP and commissioning phases are executed, after which the satellite can take up its nominal servicing duties.
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