Abstract

When ice cracks, it radiates energy both into the surrounding ice sheet and directly into the water. A goal in Arctic acoustics is the recovery of information about the cracking process, and thus the ice rheology, from the detailed structure of the acoustic emission. Recent observations, using an array of broadband hydrophones in the Canadian Arctic, have provided new insights on the processes of crack formation. Although it is possible to detect contributions leaking from the ice waveguide, including Crary waves, which can be scattered by discontinuities in the ice, most of the detected acoustic signal travels directly from the source. The resulting signal is interpreted with a moving source model analogous to that used in earthquake mechanics, modulated by fine structure in the cracking process. The fine scale and baseband components of the signal are related to vertical and horizontal scales of the developing crack.

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