Abstract
With SO(5) as the horizontal gauge symmetry, the SO(10) × SO(5) model incorporates five families of fermions, three of normal fermions (NF) and two of abnormal fermions (AF, i.e. fractionally charged leptons and quarks which can compose fractionally charged hadrons). A simple hierarchy of the model is discussed in detail. The opposite-charged abnormal leptons can have both the Dirac and Majorana masses. The prominent characteristic of AF is the twin degeneracy in the mass spectrum; the twin degeneracy is model-independent and testable. The existence of opposite-charged leptons explains why there are so few AF in the universe.
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