Abstract

The success of parasitic nematodes comes at a cost to humans, including a negative impact on human health, as well as a negative impact on plant and livestock productivity in the form of costly invoices from parasite control businesses. Anthelmintic medications are necessary for the management of animal nematodes that are parasitic. Certain species of the nematode that can infect livestock tend to only parasitize a single host, and they are only occasionally discovered in different hosts. White-tailed deer directly affect many aspects of our lives, particularly hunters, farmers, foresters, motorists, gardeners, and homeowners are all impacted by deer abundance levels. This could be through car deer collisions, crop damage, loss of desirable landscaping, disease transmission, or over- browsed woodlands. The intake of deer meat by humans has been linked in some cases to the transmission of Mycobacterium bovis and another significant zoonotic disease. Deer serves as reservoir hosts for both of these pathogens. Hepatitis E, which is formed from genotypes of the hepatitis E virus (HEV), and it is increasing in red deer, but the prevalence of it in white-tailed deer is unknown. Hepatitis E can be transmitted to humans by the consumption of deer meat. White-tailed deer conservationists could improve their supply-chain management tactics by utilizing this data.

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