The Short-term Effect of Regular Physical Activity on the Women’s Cardiorespiratory Status and Body Composition – a Pilot Study

The aim of this study was to compare the impact of a semi-upright swing with a standard crib on vital signs in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We performed a within-subjects' comparison of vital signs of NICU infants corrected to ≥34 weeks of gestation and placed in the supine position versus the semi-upright position in a swing. The primary outcome was the mean oxygen saturation, and the secondary outcomes were the mean heart rate, the proportion of time with oxygen saturation (SpO2) <90%, and respiratory rate. Of the 65 infants, 34 (57%) were male and 32 (50%) were black. The mean ± SD gestational age at birth was 32.4 ± 5.1 weeks. In all, 40% were on noninvasive respiratory support. There were no significant differences in oxygen saturation, heart rate, time with oxygen desaturation defined by SpO2 < 90%, or respiratory rate between the supine and semi-upright positions. A higher risk of desaturations was observed in infants without respiratory support (RR, 1.24, 95% CI, 1.15-1.33) and low-birth-weight infants (RR, 1.55, 95% CI, 1.42-1.69). The placement of infants in a semi-upright swing resulted in no discernible differences in averaged vital signs compared to the supine position in NICU infants. We identified no significant differences in averaged oxygen saturation, heart rate, or respiratory rate among NICU infants placed in a semi-upright swing compared to the supine position. Desaturation events occurred at a higher frequency in low-birth-weight infants and those on room air when placed in the swing, although none required oxygen supplementation. The results from the current study support that it is probably safe to use semi-upright swings in the NICU environment, although additional studies are necessary for generalization to the unmonitored home environment.

Chronic hyperglycolia in people with diabetes results in changes in intra-cell biochemical homeostasis so that the selendothel and nerves are disturbed. Disorders of blood vessels and nerves result in decreased blood supply to the legs. Decreased blood supply to the legs is characterized by a decrease in the value of oxygen saturation. Efforts are needed to improve oxygen saturation in people with diabetes to prevent diabetic foot disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Foot SPA with the help of wood reflection on oxygen saturation in people with diabetes in South Denpasar. The study was conducted with a quasi-experimental method, pre-test post test with control group design. The study used 2 (two) groups, group I was given treatment in the form of Foot SPA with the help of wood reflection every 2 days 15-30 minutes for 6 weeks, group II (control group) were given foot exercises every 2 days 15-30 minutes for 6 weeks. Saturation data were collected with digital oximetry at the beginning of the study and one day after the treatment period ended. Data were analyzed by paired and unpaired different tests. The results of the statistical independent test of the t test that have been done show that the value of p value is 0,000 (p value &lt;0.05). This shows that there is a significant difference in oxygen saturation of the legs in the diabetics between the treatment groups that are given SPA reflective wooden foot SPA with a control group that is only given diabetic foot exercises. This can also be seen from the difference in the average oxygen saturation of the feet with diabetes in the treatment group by 4.52% and the control group by 0.28%. The results of the analysis showed that the administration of reflex wooden aids on foot was more effective in increasing oxygen saturation of the feet compared to only foot exercises in the control group.

Data from the sleep disorder institute showed that subjects with similar apnea hypopnea index (AHI) but different body mass index (BMI) had no difference in oxygen saturation in rapid eye movement (REM) or non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Only 6 pairs of subjects were evaluated in the study and they were not age-matched. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in age-matched subjects, if there are any differences in oxygen saturation and duration of apenic spells in subjects with similar AHI but different BMI. Ninety eight (98) subjects paired for AHI within one event/hour and BMI difference of 5 and above were grouped in 9 groups. Subjects belonged mainly to normal, mild and moderate AHI group. Diagnostic nocturnal polysomnography inclusion criteria were normal REM sleep and total sleep time of 5 h. Oxygen saturation was continuously assessed throughout the nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG), and was calibrated for each NPSG study, and was visually identified by sleeping physician and artifacts were eliminated from the analyses. For all age groups, differences between matched pairs on BMI were regressed on the following factors: baseline oxygen saturation, lowest oxygen saturation, average oxygen saturation difference between pairs, apnea maximum and mean durations. Mean BMI differences between age- and AHI-matched pairs were 10.2 ± 5.7 (range 5.0 to 29.0). Stepwise regression indicated that BMI differences between pairs best predicted minimum oxygen saturation (p = 0.008, 1-tail). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that age differences contributed to the robust finding regarding how BMI differences predicted lowest oxygen saturation. Using a very conservative Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, lowest saturation differed only between lower age groups [group 1 < group 2 (p = 0.3) < group 3 (p = 0.001) and < group 4 (p = 0.02)]. Difference in BMI (when AHI is matched), especially between ages 25 and 44 years old, predicts differences in minimum oxygen saturation. Caution is warranted as severe apneics were not evaluated in small sample sizes in subject older than 40. Key words: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), apnea hypopnea index (AHI), body mass index (BMI), nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG), oxygen saturation, sleep disorder.

To observe the therapeutic effect of pre-acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) on exercise-induced fatigue. A total of 50 subjects were divided into an observation group and a control group by random number table method, 25 cases in each one. In the observation group, acupuncture was applied at Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) before exercise, once a day, consecutive 5-day treatment was required. In the control group, there was no intervention. The subjective fatigue perception score, serum levels of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase, heart rate and oxygen saturation before and after exercise were observed in the two groups. Compared before exercise, the subjective fatigue perception scores, serum levels of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase and heart rates after exercise were increased in the two groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the subjective fatigue perception score, serum levels of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase and heart rate after exercise in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in oxygen saturation before and after exercise in the two groups，there was no significant difference in oxygen saturation after exercise between the two groups (P>0.05). Pre-acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) can effectively reduce the subjective fatigue perception score，serum levels of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase and heart rate to improve exercise-induced fatigue.

Surgery and general anesthesia directly affect the respiratory system. Postoperative pulmonary complications occur after upper abdominal surgery.. Breathing and chest wall physiotherapy have been used to prevent atelectasis. The study aimed to identify the methods of pulmonary care used to avoid occurrence of atelectasis in the first year of life of infant undergoing abdominal surgeries, determine effect of pulmonary care on the occurrence of atelectasis in the first year of life undergoing abdominal surgeries. The study consist of 60 infant undergoing to abdominal surgery in surgical unit at Tanta University Hospital. Five tool were used for data collection Preoperative Assessment Sheet ,Intraoperative Assessment sheet Postoperative Assessment Sheet, pulmonary Care Sheet. Pulmonary Care Evaluation Sheet. Results: their was a statistical significant difference in oxygen saturation after breathing exercise. It was observed that the highest value of oxygen saturation was in third day at fifth position and the lowest value of oxygen saturation was observed in the first day . There was a statistical significant difference in oxygen saturation after three days . It was concluded that chest physiotherapy performed in postoperative period following upper abdominal surgery improved the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation and reduced pulmonary complication. Recommendation. In service training Program should be conducted for the nurses about effect of chest physiotherapy in prevention of postoperative pulmonary complication. Kay wards: Pulmonary Care, postoperative , and Pulmonary Complication

BackgroundBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a necessary procedure for diagnosis of various lung diseases. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen delivery was recently introduced. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of HFNC oxygen supply during BAL procedure in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).MethodsPatients who underwent BAL while using HFNC at a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2; PF) ratio of 300 or below among patients who had been admitted from March 2013 to May 2017 were retrospectively investigated.ResultsThirty-three BAL procedures were confirmed. Their baseline PF ratio was 166.1±46.7. FiO2 values before, during, and after BAL were 0.45±0.12, 0.74±0.19, and 0.57±0.14, respectively. Flow (L/min) values before, during, and after BAL were 26.5±20.3, 49.0±7.2, and 40.8±14.2, respectively. Both FiO2 and flow during and after the procedure were significantly different from those before the procedure (both p<0.001). Oxygen saturation levels before, during, and after BAL measured by pulse oximeter were 94.8±2.9, 94.6±3.5, and 95.2±2.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences in oxygen saturation among the three groups. Complications of BAL procedure included transient hypoxemia, hypotension, and fever. However, there was no endotracheal intubation within 24 hours. Baseline PF ratio in “without HFNC” group was significantly higher than that in “with HFNC” group. There were no differences in complications between the two groups.ConclusionThe use of HFNC during BAL procedure in ARF patients was effective and safe. However, there were no significant differences in oxygen saturation level and complications comparing “without HFNC” group in mild ARF. More studies are needed for moderate to severe ARF patients.

Asthma patients may experience emergencies due to bronchoconstriction in the respiratory tract, which can lead to decreased oxygen saturation and increased respiratory rate. Curative management in the emergency department involves interventions that can be performed on asthma patients, which can be combined with the tripod position and semi-Fowler position. This study aims to determine the difference in effectiveness between the semi-Fowler position and the tripod position on oxygen saturation in asthma patients in the emergency department of Singasana General Hospital. The study was conducted using a pre-test and post-test control group design from February to March 2025 with a sample size of 24 respondents. Thus, 12 participants were assigned to the semi-Fowler position group and 12 asthma patients to the tripod position group, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using oximetry. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level of p&lt;0.05. The results showed that before the tripod position, the average oxygen saturation was 93.91%, and there was an increase in oxygen saturation after the tripod position was applied, with an average of 96.50%. The measurement of oxygen saturation in asthma patients before the semi-Fowler position had an average of 93.83%, and there was an increase in oxygen saturation after the semi-Fowler position was applied, with an average of 97.66%. Analysis of the difference in oxygen saturation between asthma patients in the semi-Fowler position and the tripod position yielded a p-value &lt;0.001, indicating a significant difference in oxygen saturation between asthma patients in the semi-Fowler position and the tripod position in the emergency department of Singasana General Hospital. The recommendations of this study are expected to serve as input for nurses to always provide the tripod position and semi-Fowler position as supportive curative therapy for asthma patients to improve oxygen saturation.

Evaluation of a pragmatic community-tailored physical activity program with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

Background: Wearing a face mask became a part of daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in Thailand. However, performing activities while wearing different types of masks can cause different physiological effects, especially in the pre-aging population that still performs outdoor activities regularly. Objectives: To compare the impacts of different types of the mask (no mask, N95, surgical, cloth, PM2.5 mask) on dyspnea, breathing effort, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and functional capacity (six-minute walk distance and estimated VO2max) during the six-minute walk test (6MWT) in pre-aging individuals. Materials and methods: Twenty-four healthy pre-aging individuals (54±3 years) performed five trials of 6MWT wearing different types of masks. Pre-test and post-test of dyspnea, breathing effort, and blood oxygen saturation values were recorded. The estimated VO2max was calculated from 6MWT. The satisfaction for each type of mask was collected using questionnaires. Results: SpO2, walking distance, and estimated VO2max were not significantly different (p&gt;0.05) among all trials. Changes in dyspnea, breathing effort, and systolic blood pressure values were statistically different (p=0.026, p=0.031, and p=0.028, respectively). Despite post hoc analysis revealing a nonsignificant difference in delta changes in dyspnea between walking trials, there was a clinical difference in dyspnea while wearing N95 compared to no mask as well as surgical masks compared to other masks (MCID for Borg scale ≥1). Wearing an N95 or surgical mask resulted in higher dyspnea. Moreover, wearing an N95 mask also resulted in higher breathing effort and systolic blood pressure compared to wearing no mask. Conclusion: Wearing various types of masks in the pre-aging population during moderate-intensity activity did not result in differences in oxygen saturation and functional capacity. Wearing an N95 resulted in higher levels of dyspnea, breathing effort and systolic blood pressure than wearing no mask. Wearing a surgical mask may have resulted in higher levels of dyspnea than wearing no mask, a cloth mask, or a PM2.5 mask.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between long sleep duration and functional capacities. We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Department of Kinanthropology at the University of Quebec at Montreal. Forty eight non-frail postmenopausal women aged between 49 to 75 years were recruited using advertisements in local papers. Body weight, body mass index, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, number of steps per day, SF-36 total (healthy questionnaire), resting metabolic rate, total energy intake, sleep duration, knee extensor strength (dynamometer), chair stand test and balance opened eyes test were measured. WE FOUND A SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN HOURS OF SLEEP AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY: chair stand test (r = -0.33, p = 0.02), balance opened eyes test (r = -0.45, p = 0.001), muscle strength (r = -0.43, p = 0.002) and skeletal muscle mass (r = -0.39, p = 0.007). In addition, long sleepers (> 9 h) had significantly lower values for skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.03), muscle strength (p = 0.01), chair stand test (p = 0.03), and balance opened eyes test (p = 0.001). Finally, linear regression analysis showed that sleep duration was an independent predictor of the chair stand test (p = 0.024), balance opened eyes test (p = 0.001), and muscle strength (p = 0.035) in our cohort. Long sleepers were associated with lower functional capacities in our cohort of sedentary postmenopausal women.

To examine self-reported physical activity levels from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) as an independent predictor of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured percent body fat (%BF) from body mass index (BMI), gender, and race. Two hundred and seventy-eight students, aged 18-24 yr, volunteered to participate. There were 133 males (85 white and 48 black) and 145 females (77 white and 68 black). Total activity levels were quantified in MET hours per week (MET h wk(-1)) using the IPAQ short form. Height and weight were measured, and BMI values were calculated (kg m(-2)). %BF was assessed using DXA. Linear regression analysis was used to develop and compare a body fat prediction equation with (full) and without (reduced) the variable MET-h.wk. Both models included BMI, gender, and race as predictor variables. The prediction sum of squares (PRESS) statistic was used to cross-validate both models, and the individual predictive accuracy was compared using modified Bland-Altman plots. Mean +/- SD values were as follows: BMI = 24.4 +/- 4.1 kg m(-2), %BF = 24.5 +/- 9.3%, and MET h wk(-1) = 37.4 +/- 21.9. Gender, BMI, and race explained 81% of the variance in %BF, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.07. The full model with MET-h.wk improved the prediction of %BF by 2% (R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 3.87). When cross-validated, the corresponding PRESS statistics for the reduced and full model were 4.10 and 3.90, respectively. Bland-Altman limits of agreement were greater for the reduced model compared with the full model (-8.09, 8.10 vs -7.67, 7.68). These results suggest that %BF can be predicted with greater precision and accuracy in a young adult population when MET-h.wk are included in addition to BMI, gender, and race.

Retaining weight gained during pregnancy is a risk factor for a woman becoming overweight, obese, and/or increasing body fatness later in life. Pregnancy weight gain has been found to be directly related to weight retention several years following delivery. However, less is known about whether physical activity may affect postpartum weight retention or maternal body composition. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of pregnancy weight gain, postpartum and current physical activity, to maternal body weight change over the past six years, and current body fatness. METHODS: Daily leisure time physical activity was quantified in 56 women (31 were available for this follow-up study) at 20 and 32 weeks gestation and 12 weeks postpartum. Weight gain during pregnancy was calculated by subtracting women's self-reported prepregnancy weight from body weight measured in our laboratory at approximately 32 weeks gestation. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis was used to assess current fat free mass. Percent body fat was calculated using fat free mass and measured weight. A Modifiable Activity Questionnaire was used to assess 12 week postpartum and current physical activity levels in kcal/day/kg. Stepwise regression was used to predict weight change and current % body fat using pregnancy weight gain, physical activity at 12 weeks postpartum, and current physical activity levels as predictor variables. RESULTS: On average, the women's body weights increased 2.8 (±5.1) kg in the six years following pregnancy, with current fatness levels averaging 32±9 %. Change in body weight in the past six years was related most strongly to weight gain during pregnancy (r2=0.20), with current physical activity adding to the prediction model (final r2=0.27). In contrast, current % body fat was most strongly predicted by postpartum physical activity (r2=0.20), although pregnancy weight gain accounted for 14% additional variance (final r2=0.34) in fatness. CONCLUSIONS: Although weight gained during pregnancy was found to be more influential on long term body weight change compared to exercise performed after delivery, initiating a program of regular physical activity during the postpartum period appears to have a greater effect on body composition.

Even though the strong association between physical inactivity and ill health is well documented, 60% of the population is inadequately active or completely inactive. Traditional methods of prescribing exercise have not proven effective for increasing and maintaining a program of regular physical activity. To compare the 24-month intervention effects of a lifestyle physical activity program with traditional structured exercise on improving physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Randomized clinical trial conducted from August 1, 1993, through July 31, 1997. Sedentary men (n = 116) and women (n = 119) with self-reported physical activity of less than 36 and 34 kcal/kg per day, respectively. Six months of intensive and 18 months of maintenance intervention on either a lifestyle physical activity or a traditional structured exercise program. Primary outcomes were physical activity assessed by the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) by a maximal exercise treadmill test. Secondary outcomes were plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, blood pressure, and body composition. All measures were obtained at baseline and at 6 and 24 months. Both the lifestyle and structured activity groups had significant and comparable improvements in physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness from baseline to 24 months. Adjusted mean changes (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.42-1.25 kcal/kg per day; P<.001) and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.25-1.12 kcal/kg day; P = .002) for activity, and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.18-1.36 mL/kg per minute; P = .01) and 1.34 (95% CI, 0.72-1.96 mL/kg per minute; P<.001) for VO2peak for the lifestyle and structured activity groups, respectively. There were significant and comparable reductions in systolic blood pressure (-3.63 [95% CI, -5.54 to -1.72 mm Hg; P<.001] and -3.26 [95% CI, -5.26 to -1.25 mm Hg; P = .002]) and diastolic blood pressure (-5.38 [95% CI, -6.90 to -3.86 mm Hg; P<.001] and -5.14 [95% CI, -6.73 to -3.54 mm Hg; P<.001) for the lifestyle and structured activity groups, respectively. Neither group significantly changed their weight (-0.05 [95% CI, -1.05 to 0.96 kg; P = .93] and 0.69 [95% CI, -0.37 to 1.74 kg; P = .20]), but each group significantly reduced their percentage of body fat (-2.39% [95% CI, -2.92% to -1.85%; P<.001] and -1.85% [95% CI, -2.41 % to -1.28%; P<.001]) in the lifestyle and structured activity groups, respectively. In previously sedentary healthy adults, a lifestyle physical activity intervention is as effective as a structured exercise program in improving physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood pressure.

We measured oxygen saturation in retinal vessels of healthy eyes to determine the effects of age, sex, and cardiovascular parameters, as well as the reliability of the measurements and topographic differences. The Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter is based on a fundus camera. It simultaneously captures retinal images at two different wavelengths and estimates retinal vessel oxygen saturation. Mean saturation of main retinal arterioles and venules was measured in 120 healthy individuals aged 18-80 years (median 47 years). Of the 120 participants 44 (37%) were male (49 years) and 76 (63%) female (44 years). Oxygen saturation was 92.2 ± 3.7% (mean ± SD) in retinal arterioles and 55.6 ± 6.3% in venules. No significant difference in oxygen saturation was found between left and right eyes. The inferotemporal quadrant had lower oxygen saturation in arterioles and venules (P < 0.0001). Arteriolar oxygen saturation was stable with age. Venular oxygen saturation in males decreased by 1.9 ± 0.6% (mean ± SEM) per 10 years of age (P = 0.003) and by 0.7 ± 0.4% in females (P = 0.068). Arteriovenous (AV) difference increased by 1.5 ± 0.5% per 10 years in males (P = 0.004) and 1.0 ± 0.4% (P = 0.007) in females. For every 10 mm Hg increase in ocular perfusion pressure, oxygen saturation in arterioles increased by 0.9 ± 0.4% (P = 0.024) and in venules by 1.2 ± 0.7% (P = 0.075). Retinal arteriolar oxygen saturation is stable in healthy individuals, while there is a significant decrease in venular oxygen saturation with age in males and a similar trend in females. AV difference increases significantly with age for both sexes. Our study provided normative data for spectrophotometric retinal oximetry in the Caucasian population.

Physical exercise and lifestyle modification are recognized as adjunct therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in overweight adults. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of long-term physical exercise combined with a balanced diet on sleep architecture, sleep duration, and OSA in adolescents with severe obesity. This interventional study was conducted in a nursing institution. Participants were aged 14.6 ± 1.2 years with obesity (body mass index (BMI) = 40.2 ± 6.5 kg/m2). At admission and at 9 months, participants underwent ambulatory polysomnography and incremental maximal exercise testing to determine cardiorespiratory fitness. Twenty-four subjects completed the study. Analyses were performed on the whole population and on a subgroup of subjects with OSA (OSA-subgroup). OSA, defined as obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) ≥ 2 events/h, was diagnosed in 58.3% of the population. OAHI was only associated with fat mass in males (r = .75, P < .05). At 9 months postintervention, weight loss (-11.1 kg, P < .0001) and improved cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak: +4.9 mL/min/kg, P < .001) were found in the whole population. Sleep duration was increased (+34 minutes, P < .05) and sleep architecture was changed with an increase of rapid eye movement sleep (+2.5%, P < .05) and a decrease of stage N3 sleep (-3.1%, P < .001). Similar results were found in the OSA subgroup. However, OAHI remained unchanged (P = .18). A combination of supervised aerobic exercise and a balanced diet led to weight loss, improved aerobic capacity, and modified sleep architecture without changes in OSA. A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 907. Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov, Title: Exercise and Venous Compression on Upper Airway Resistance in Obese Teenagers With OSA (OBESOMAC), URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02588469, Identifier: NCT02588469.