Abstract
In this chapter we examine the nature and characteristics of issues and activities that together constitute a policy and more specifically, a social policy. First, we examine some of the issues that lead to certain types of policy, and we note the difficulties in defining a policy with clarity. We then identify the attributes and actors who play important roles in policy shaping — political parties, interest groups and research inputs. Later we look at policy as a process which entails four, usually sequential but at times contemporaneous, activities: planning, formulation, implementation and evaluation. The aim of the chapter is to provide a framework in which the role of government and non-governmental organisations in the provision of social welfare services is examined in subsequent chapters.
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