The self in communication research: a historical review, 1951–2020

1. The initial period of austenitic grain growth in heating of a hot forged billet of 50G-SSh steel and of forgings after free forging is characterized by the formation of a mixed grain structure of No. 8 fine grains and No. 3-0 coarse. 2. Reforging of the billets of 50G-SSh steel with e=90% reduced the temperature of the start of austenitic grain growth from 1000 to 950°C. 3. The formation of a mixed grain structure in the initial period of growth is characterized by nonuniform distribution of the coarse grains in the cross section of the forging. At low temperatures of heating for forging (900°C) the giant grains are uniformly distributed in the volume of the steel, while with an increase in the temperature of heating for forging the coarse grains are concentrated in the center of the forging in the regions of the “forging cross”. 4. The higher the temperature of heating for forging and the temperature of the finish of forging, the coarse the giant grains formed in the initial period of grain growth.

The objective of this study was to describe how diffusion of innovations theory can integrate mass media, interpersonal communication, and social network analysis. These principles can be used to implement and tailor data-based health promotion activities. The goal of this study was to develop a model for using and incorporating interpersonal communication into health promotion programs designed to encourage behaviors that reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)/HIV. The authors conducted a review of selected studies that exemplify how diffusion of innovations theory has applied interpersonal communication to promote STD/HIV preventive health behaviors. Few studies have incorporated interpersonal communication as an intervention strategy to encourage STD/HIV preventive behavior. Interventions that have used interpersonal communication have observed successes in health promotion and increases in safer sex behaviors. This study shows that social network analysis can be used to design more appropriate and perhaps more effective health promotion programs.

Pareiasaurs were one of the main clades of large herbivorous tetrapods in Middle–Late Permian continental ecosystems. Despite abundant pareiasaur material, many aspects of their biology remain poorly known. This paper provides a description of ontogenetic changes in long-bone and rib microanatomy/histology of two Upper Permian pareiasaurs from Russia, Deltavjatia rossica and Scutosaurus karpinskii. Analysis of a growth series of bones of Deltavjatia and Scutosaurus revealed rapid and cyclical growth early in ontogeny (as indicated by fast-growing fibrolamellar bone with lines of arrested growth). This was followed by a change in the growth pattern (as indicated by an outer avascular layer of lamellar bone in the cortex) and a decrease in the growth rate after 50% of maximum body size was reached in Deltavjatia and 75% in Scutosaurus (larger body sizes in Scutosaurus were attained through an extended initial period of fast skeletal growth). The study confirms that the bones of all pareiasaurs are histologically and microanatomically uniform [spongious (porous) microstructure and a very thin compact cortex] and indicate a similar growth strategy (a short initial period of rapid and cyclical growth followed by a long period of slow growth). The microanatomical characteristics of pareiasaurs do not provide a clear indication of their lifestyle.

SUMMARY Growth rates of migrating and non‐migrating populations of two strains of freshwater cryptophytes, CCAP 979/67 and 979/62, under different light and nutrient regimes were calculated from experiments conducted in laboratory columns which were thermally stratified. During the experiments, cellular carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbohydrate and protein were also analysed. The intention was that the populations would become either phosphorus‐ or nitrogen‐depleted following a period of growth. In all experiments, populations of cryptophytes grew but growth appeared of short duration. In a phosphorus depletion experiment with Cryptomonas 979/67, there was a period of rapid growth starting on day 2 and finishing on day 8, during which the estimated growth rate was c. 0.9 div. day‐1. In a nitrogen depletion experiment, the period of rapid growth of C. 979/67 lasted only for 2–3 days with a growth rate of c. 0.85 div. day‐1. In a phosphorus depletion experiment with C. 979/62, the onset of a period of rapid growth coincided with the commencement of diel vertical migration. The highest growth rate was estimated as c. 1.0 div. day‐1. In a nitrogen depletion experiment, C. 979/62 did not migrate and attained a growth rate of only 0.28 div. day‐1. For C. 979/67 the highest observed growth rate was lower than the maximum potential growth rate of 1.38 div. day‐1 estimated in batch culture. For C. 979/62 the maximum growth rate in the column was similar to the maximum potential growth rate of 0.87 div. day‐1 in batch culture experiments. The results suggest that some migrating cryptophytes under favourable conditions in stratified water columns can attain high growth rates supporting the hypothesis of Raven & Richardson (1984) that, based on cost‐benefit analysis, diel vertical migrations could increase the growth rate of flagellates. Such growth appears of short duration and its ecological importance still requires further verification.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is most important area in the marketing. Now-a-days, Electronic Customer Relationship Management (e-CRM) is the outcome of changes in traditional marketing by integrating technologies of new electronic channels as called Marketing Technology (MarTech). Banks are looking at new ways to increase their customers’ potentials and service quality through e-CRM practices. In the past decade, an increasing number of studies have investigated Internet Banking (IB) from the diffusion perspective, but there is a lack of research study on cumulative literature of innovation diffusion theory (IDT) which is related with existing e-CRM practices. This study tries to address and solve the issue that how far accessible theory which applies/puts in to real practices. It is an attempt to assess an application of IDT on existing MarTech practice on CRM in licensed commercial banks, Sri Lanka (SL). To achieve the objectives of the study primary data were collected through questionnaires from 400 Mobile Banking Application (MB app) customers in Sri Lanka. These respondents were selected using snowball sampling technique. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study indicated that, there are several applications of IDT theory on existing MarTech practices in CRM. Findings reveal that while IDT aligns with some CRM practices, limitations exist in areas like trialability, interpersonal communication, and customer persuasion. Recommendations are provided to bridge gaps between IDT and real-world e-CRM applications, aiding both academics and practitioners in enhancing MarTech effectiveness in banking.

With the help of Cite Space software and data statistical analysis tools, the research employed bibliometric method and co-word analysis method to analyze the research on physical education curriculum in Chinese colleges and universities, which was included in CNKI from January 1, 1984 to December 31, 2022, in order to grasp the characteristics of its temporal distribution, research power, and hot topics. The findings showed that the research on physical education curriculum in Chinese colleges and universities had gone through a slow formation period, an initial growth period, a rapid growth period, and is currently in a mature and stable period in terms of temporal distribution. However, in terms of research power, there were lack of high-impact research institutions and researchers in China. Furthermore, the hot topics mainly focus on the reform of the physical education curriculum, teaching reform, ideological and political education, and resources in the physical education curriculum of the colleges and universities. Therefore, the research suggests that the further research is required to expand the ideas, methods, breadth, and depth, in order to promote the comprehensive and in-depth reformation and development of physical education curriculum practice in Chinese colleges and universities.

The first 12 months of life is by far the most rapid growth period during the entire life span. The birth weight of a healthy term infant typically doubles in 4 months and nearly triples in 12 months (1). Therefore, an infant who weighs 3.5 kg at birth will weigh 7.0 kg at 4 months of age and 9.6 kg at 12 months of age. After the exceptional initial growth period, gains in body weight and length moderate and become linear for the next few years. In addition to physical growth, the infant passes many developmental ­milestones as well. During the first year of life motor development progresses from ­rolling over to crawling to standing (2), and more subtle advances also occur such as rapid maturation of visual acuity (3).Key wordsComplementary foodsDocosahexaenoic acidDHAInfant formulaSecond 6 months of lifeVisual developmentWeaning foods

Korea-China trade passing through the initial growth period (1992-1997), adjustment period (1998-2001), and second growth period (2002-2005), is now passing through its fourth phase, the stabilization period (2006-present). Although the scale of trade has increased, there is limited accessibility of Korean exports into the Chinese domestic market while processing trade still takes large share. - In the case of Korea’s trade with China, there is a strong connection with investment in China as an investment dependent export structure. However, following from the recent strengthening of local procurement by Korean business subsidiaries in China, there has been a decrease in the export inducement effect through investments. - Despite Korean shares in the Chinese import market holding second place after Japan at 9.6% as of 2011, shares in the domestic market are lower at 6.3% following Japan (11.3%), the US (9.1%), and Germany (7.5% in 2010). Korea’s investment in China, passing through the exploratory period (1989-1991), entrance period (1992-1997), adjustment period (1998-2001), growth period (2002-2008), and transition period (2009-present), has been diversified both in industry and region. However, there has been a recent decline. - After China’s admission to the WTO, the goals of Korea’s investment in China has changed from low-wage toll processing to the domestic market. In regards to industries, there has been a gradual transition from early light industries to heavy chemical industries, as well as a recent increasing focus on service industries. - In order to energize recent inactive investment, there is a need for policies that work to (a) cooperate to expand pioneering investments into the domestic market and (b) move the existing bases of production to the inland mid-western regions that are still needed by toll processing businesses, (c) establish and utilize new Korean industrial complexes, or (d) support the small and medium-sized enterprises which have business items to invest in China. There is an emerging need by both Korea and China to create a paradigm of mutually beneficial cooperation by concluding the FTA and uncovering new cooperative fields. - The reduction of tariffs and overcoming of barriers to entrance into the service industry, through the Korea-China FTA, can provide significant momentum for advancement into China’s domestic market. - In the finance and monetary area, Korea-China cooperation has not yet reached a level of real economy, however, in the future, if there is an increase in the international use of the RMB and a lowering of the barriers to the Chinese financial market, there will be a great increase in the possibility of actual cooperative endeavors. - In Korea’s 17 future growth engine industries and China’s 7 strategic industries, because of the abundance of overlap, there is a need to make a specific cooperative strategy according to areas where the two countries have its own strength and where the two countries experience comparative disadvantage in the world market.

Neonatal ontogeny and neurotoxic effect of decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) on levels of synaptophysin and tau

The tracheal epithelium of infant ferrets undergoes rapid postnatal maturation over the first month of life to achieve the pseudostratified columnar configuration characteristic of the large airways of other mammals. We have used in vivo pulsing with tritiated thymidine ((3)HT) to elicit autoradiographic labeling of cells synthesizing nucleic acids in order to characterize more fully the contribution to development of different cell types comprising the nascent epithelial layer during this period of rapid growth. These studies indicate that two distinct populations of epithelial cells possess proliferative potential and contribute to the establishment of the mature adult epithelial layer. These investigations further confirm the mitotic potential of basal cells during a period of rapid postnatal growth and development of the tracheal epithelial layer. These studies also document the contribution to early airway development by non-ciliated cells, which predominate on the luminal border of the ferret trachea at birth. The temporal and histologic patterns of airway epithelial maturation during post-natal life in the ferret as contained in this study exhibit similarities to those which occur with recovery from injury by infection and irritant exposure in mature airways. Thus, the characterization of epithelial cell compartments having proliferative potential may provide insights into the mechanisms whereby normal airway epithelial organization is established and maintained during development as well as the possible recapitulation of these mechanisms during times of epithelial regeneration following injury.

ObjectivesTo examine whether during a period of limited e-cigarette regulation and rapid growth in their use, smoking began to become renormalised among young people.DesignInterrupted time-series analysis of repeated cross-sectional time-series...

During the last 3 days of fetal development in the rodent, a burst of hepatocyte proliferation results in a tripling of liver size. Despite stimulation of mitogenesis via multiple signaling pathways, including some that are considered stress response pathways, little apoptosis accompanies this cell growth. Given the accepted role of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in preventing hepatocellular apoptosis during proliferation in mid-development, we predicted that NF-kappaB would be functional during the period of rapid growth during late gestation in the rat. NF-kappaB binding in electrophoretic mobility shift assays was low in embryonic day (E) 19 liver nuclear extracts relative to adult liver nuclear extracts. An additional band that was present in E19 liver was purified and identified as nucleolin. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) administration to E19 embryos in utero produced minimal induction of NF-kappaB p50 homodimers and p50/p65 heterodimers, yet baseline apoptosis was not affected. Although p65 was present in E19 hepatocyte cytoplasm in amounts comparable to adult liver, we observed little translocation of p65 to the liver nuclei following TNF-alpha administration. Additionally, expression of several NF-kappaB-responsive genes remained minimally induced in E19 liver following TNF-alpha treatment. In conclusion, although the NF-kappaB components are present in late-gestation fetal liver, NF-kappaB as a transcription factor is relatively inactive and unresponsive to TNF-alpha. Given this finding and the high level of proliferation in late-gestation fetal liver, we predict that alternative antiapoptotic mechanisms are active during this period of rapid hepatic growth.

The development of the fruit of Prunus virginiana L. is followed from full bloom to ripening. The maturation process, which lasts 10 weeks is characterized by three distinct stages. Two periods of rapid growth (at the beginning and the end of ripening) are separated by a stage of retarded growth. Soon after the fertilization, the mesocarp increases in thickness, owing to an enlargement of the cells of the later tissue rather than by an increase in the number of cells. By the end of the first period of growth, the endocarp begins to enlarge. In this situation, the increase of thickness is predominantly due to cell division. At the completion of its development, we observed two distinct zones in the endocarp. The inner portion is formed of 6 to 7 layers of lignified cells extending tangentially along the cavity, while the outer portion is composed of 15 to 20 isodiametric sclereids. The second stage of the development is characterized by an important delay in the growth of the pericarp. However, the cessation of the increase coincides with some important changes in the seed, while the endosperm, and almost simultaneously, the embryo rapidly expand. During the maturation of the seed, we noted that the endosperm cells enlarged, their cytoplasm became thicker, and their arrangement in the tissue appeared more regular. Throughout the third phase of the development, a new period of rapid growth is observed. In the mesocarp, the cells enlarged in the radial direction. The development of the fruit of P. virginiana L. and its vascular patterns have been analysed in comparison with those of other fruits of Prunus.

Emerging technologies are revolutionizing the field of scholarly communication. Because of this, scholars increasingly need specialized support during all stages of the research process. With the academic library as the unit of analysis, two concepts from Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation theory and organizational innovation literature are drawn upon to assess the sustainability of scholarly communication work in libraries. These concepts are organizational restructuring and formalization. Data on Association of Research Libraries (ARL) employees with relevant job titles and three digital curation competencies documents are analysed. Study findings suggest that ARL information agencies have restructured to provide added research support and that skills associated with scholarly communication positions are becoming more uniform. We conclude that scholarly communication information professionals are part of a sustainable area of practice within ARL information agencies, that has matured over the past decade, and this trend is likely to continue in at least the short term.

Founder-flush models of speciation rely on the assumption that genetic evolution is in some way different in a population that is founded by a small number of individuals and that subsequently grows rapidly. That assumption is supported by the analysis of several population genetic models of the founder-flush demographic process. The basic ideas are that a newly founded population represents a random sample from the parent population and that, during the period of rapid growth, genetic drift is much weaker than would be expected, particularly for low-frequency alleles. As a consequence, the probability of a loss of a neutral lineage present in a single copy is quite low, and the probability of a fixation of advantageous alleles, including alleles with additive, recessive, and epistatic effects, is much higher than in populations that remain of constant size. Furthermore, the probability of a peak shift during the founding event is reasonably high provided that the second peak is substantially higher than the peak occupied by the parent population. Thus, there is no reason to dismiss founder-flush models of speciation because of their intrinsic implausibility or inconsistency with standard population genetics theory. The same kind of analysis suggests a test of whether a population has had a history consistent with a founder-flush model. Sampling during the founding event would lead to a strong negative disequilibrium between low-frequency nucleotides, and, if the sites are closely enough linked, then that disequilibrium would be preserved during the period of growth. Hence, closely linked sites would be expected to exhibit substantially more negative disequilibrium than would the same sites in the ancestral population.