The Second Constitutional Monarchy Period which is an Important Milestone in Turkish Political Traditional: Power, Politics, Bureaucracy

Abstract

The second constitutional monarchy period is an important milestone in both the customs and legacies it handed down to Turkish political culture and the specific characteristics of the period. The movement which a group of enlightened people and especially the young Turks lead made II.Abdülhamit declare the constitutional monarchy in 1908. From this point of view, we can say that the constitutional monarchy is the most comprehensive democratic movement in the Ottoman State. However, for the Young Turks who were the founders of freedom, the problem of saving the country rather than freedom was the main aim of their politics. The second constitutional monarchy is the first sample of multiparty system. With the collapse of monarchy, a constitutional system was formed and political parties which are indispensables of democracy were established. This inevitably contributed the development of democratic culture in power/opposition conflict. But, this disagreement focused "intolerance" in politics rather than increasing the ability of conflicting culture acceptance. An important aspect of the second constitutional monarchy is that it passes the strong burocracy tradition on commonwealth burocracy. This situation has closely impressed Turkish state tradition. Another issue that makes the period important is the thoughts and actions of Young Turks. in the direction of this data, rather than what the second constitutional monarchy has brought, how this return has affected the political power tradition in view of political heritage and in what aspects it has influenced the burocracy and democracy tradition have been aimed in this study. Several scientific sources related to the topic have been searched and a point of view has been reached in order to reach this aim.