Abstract
Hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX-XOD) induced toxicity would cause damage and even hemolysis in erythrocytes. However, the protective function of peanut hull extract (PHE) against HX-XOD induced damage in human erythrocyte has not been elucidated. We investigated the bioactivities of PHE derived from multicoloured peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) using an erythrocyte model in vitro. The results showed that PHE is rich in luteolin, 5,7-dihydroxychromone, and eriodictyol. The mechanisms underlying the protective effect of PHE on erythrocytes might be linked to luteolin bioactivities. Pure luteolin strongly inhibited HX-XOD-induced damage to erythrocytes, whereas 5,7-dihydroxychromone and eriodictyol did not exert any effects. Further study found that, luteolin suppressed the HX-XOD-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and preserved erythrocyte antioxidative enzymes and non-enzymatic substances. Luteolin reduced uric acid formation and protected the functions of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase. It also protected the erythrocyte membrane, prevented the conversion of erythrocytes into acanthocytes, and reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase. These findings showed that luteolin plays multiple protective roles in PHE-mediated protection of erythrocytes against HX-XOD-induced toxicity. This study provides novel evidences for further research on the utilisation of peanut hulls.
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