The role risk of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, sleeping disorder, and mental health with hearing loss among stroke patients

Screening, Surveillance, and Primary Prevention for Colorectal Cancer: A Review of the Recent Literature

The aim of the present study was to determine the association between cigarette smoking, waterpipe smoking, and co-morbidity diseases on hearing loss. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1015 patients [386 males (38%) and 629 females (62%)] who were aged are between 25 and 65 years. The study used clinical, physical examinations and Pure-Tone Audiometry (PTA) to assess hearing. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were used for the statistical analysis. Out of 1015 patients assessed, 199 were cigarette smokers with hearing loss (21.6%) and 111 waterpipe smokers with hearing loss (12%). There were statistically significant differences between cigarette smokers with hearing loss regarding (p<0.001), gender (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), tinnitus (p<0.001), vertigo and/or dizziness (p<0.001), and migraine/headaches (p<0.001). Also there were statistically significant differences between waterpipe smokers with hearing loss, none smokers concerning age groups (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), using MP3 players (p=0.004), family history of hypertension (p=0.026), ATP III metabolic syndrome (p=0.010), IDF metabolic syndrome (p=0.012), tinnitus (p<0.001), vertigo/dizziness (p<0.001), and migraine/headaches (p=0.025). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that tinnitus (p<0.001), dizziness (p<0.001), nausea (p=0.001), headaches and migraine (p<=0.003), fatigue (p=0.004), and vertigo (p=0.022) were considered as risk predictors risk hearing loss related cigarette smokers. Also, analysis revealed that tinnitus (p<0.001), nausea (p=0.001), headaches and migraines (p<0.001), Type 2 diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), and vertigo (p=0.021), were considered as risk predictors for hearing loss related waterpipe smokers. The present study suggests cigarette smoking and waterpipe smoking, life-style factors are possible risk factors for hearing loss among smoker participants.

Hearing Loss and Depression in the Hispanic/Latino Population

Hearing loss is highly prevalent in older people, affecting around 25 percent of American adults aged 65 to 74 and 50 percent of those aged 75 and older (NIH, 2016). The number of people affected by this disability continues to rise, as does the associated cost that affects individuals in terms of their quality of life and society. Several co-morbidities often accompany age-related hearing loss, including endothelial dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk, and there is evidence of significantly higher rates of cardiovascular disease among people with hearing loss (Circulation. 2016;134:A19010). Hearing loss has significantly negative effects on quality of life, mental health, and physical function. Therefore, finding potentially modifiable risk factors and markers for hearing loss should be a public health priority. Our world-first study investigated the association between hearing loss and circulating markers for endothelial dysfunction that are potentially modifiable through lifestyle and drug interventions (Otol Neurotol. 2018 Apr;39(4):e280).

Association Between Smoking, Chemical Exposure and Hearing Loss in an Occupational Setting Objective: Twenty-two million Americans or roughly 8% of the population are hearing impaired. This affects more than just the ability for one to hear. In the last three decades, younger Americans have shown a sharp increase in hearing impairment. Hearing loss affects social and emotional well being and thus has the ability to decrease one's quality of life. This study was designed to examine the association between smoking, workplace chemical exposure, and hearing loss. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in an occupational health clinic setting in Virginia. The study population consisted of employees fiom local businesses who visited the clinic during the period of 1/1/03 to 1/1/05 for pure tone audiometry. Chart reviews supplemented by telephone interviews were conducted to extract data for analysis. All study subjects were eligible to participate except for those who were unable to communicate due to a language barrier. Prevalence and crude prevalence ratios were calculated. Adjusted prevalence ratios and prevalence odds ratios were calculated using Cox and logistic regression models. Data entry and statistical analysis were accomplished with the SPSS Data Builder and the SPSS 13.0 statistical software. SAS statistical software was also used for a portion of the statistical analysis. Results: In a Cox regression model controlling for many potential confounding factors (age, race, smoking, chemical exposure, military service, as well as others) cigarette smoking was not associated with hearing loss PR(95% CI), 1.0 (0.7, 1.3). Similarly, exposure to chemicals was not associated with hearing loss 1.1 (0.7, 1.6). Conclusion: This study did not find an association between cigarette smoking and hearing loss and exposure to industrial chemicals and hearing loss in persons who worked in a noisy occupational environment.

We investigated the independent and combined effects of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome on abnormal liver function, i.e., the elevation of serum liver enzyme levels. Participants of a Korean population-based prospective cohort aged ≥30 years without liver disease, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases were included. Information on alcohol consumption, smoking status, and metabolic syndrome, defined as per the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III, were applied to evaluate their impact on serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome were the significant individual factors that elevated serum liver enzyme levels. Supra-additive effects of metabolic syndrome and either alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking were also identified. The combination of heavy drinking (≥24 g/day) and metabolic syndrome conferred an effect that was higher than the sum of the two individual effects (Synergic Index (SI): AST, 2.37 [1.20–4.67]; GGT, 1.91 [1.17–3.13]). Only GGT level (odds ratio 6.04 [3.68–9.94], SI 2.33 [1.24–4.41]) was significantly elevated when the effect of moderate drinking (<24 g/day) and metabolic syndrome was combined. The combined effect of any level of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking was also supra-additive on the elevation of GGT level with SIs of 5.57 for drinking <24 g/day and smoking ≤20 pack years, 5.12 for <24 g/day and >20 pack years, 1.80 for ≥24 g/day and ≤20 pack years, 2.03 for ≥24 g/day and >20 pack years, while only the combined effect of drinking ≥24 g/day and smoking >20 pack years elevated the AST level (SI 4.55 [3.12–6.61]). The combined effect of cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome was not supra-additive. To prevent fatty liver disease and other related diseases, a multifactorial prevention strategy that includes limited alcohol consumption, smoking cessation and rectification of adverse metabolic profiles is required.

Perioperative Hearing Impairment

Although conventional cigarette smoking has been linked to an increased risk of hearing loss, the association between heated tobacco products (HTPs) and hearing loss is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between cigarette and HTP use and hearing loss. This cross-sectional study examined the data of 7769 employees from five companies (Study I) and 34404 employees from a large company (Study II), all participants in the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. The participants were categorized into five groups based on their self-reported tobacco use: never smokers, former smokers, exclusive cigarette smokers, exclusive users of HTPs, and those who used both cigarettes and HTPs. Hearing levels were measured using pure-tone audiometry at 1 and 4 kHz frequencies. Separate analyses were carried out for each study, and the results were then combined using fixed-effect models to pool the estimates. The analysis included 42173 participants, with a prevalence of 12.9% for exclusive cigarette smoking, 9.8% for exclusive HTP use, and 5.5% for dual use. The pooled adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for unilateral hearing loss at 4 kHz were 1.21 (95% CI: 1.10-1.33) for former smokers, 1.83 (95% CI: 1.64-2.05) for exclusive cigarette smokers,1.46 (95% CI: 1.28-1.67) for exclusive HTP users, and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.41-1.96) for dual users, compared to never smokers. Additionally, the adjusted odds ratios for hearing loss at 4 kHz among exclusive cigarette smokers, exclusive HTP users, and dual users increased with the intensity of cigarette/HTP consumption (all p for trend <0.001). No significant associations were found between exclusive HTP use, dual use, and hearing loss at 1 kHz, apart from exclusive cigarette smoking. In this cross-sectional study, associations were found between exclusive cigarette smoking, exclusive HTP use, dual use, and hearing loss, particularly at 4 kHz. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

The objective of this large population-based cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between smoking, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, and hearing loss. The study sample was a subset of the UK Biobank Resource, 164,770 adults aged between 40 and 69years who completed a speech-in-noise hearing test (the Digit Triplet Test). Hearing loss was defined as speech recognition in noise in the better ear poorer than 2 standard deviations below the mean with reference to young normally hearing listeners. In multiple logistic regression controlling for potential confounders, current smokers were more likely to have a hearing loss than non-smokers (odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.21). Among non-smokers, those who reported passive exposure to tobacco smoke were more likely to have a hearing loss (OR 1.28, 95 %CI 1.21-1.35). For both smoking and passive smoking, there was evidence of a dose-response effect. Those who consume alcohol were less likely to have a hearing loss than lifetime teetotalers. The association was similar across three levels of consumption by volume of alcohol (lightest 25%, OR 0.61, 95 %CI 0.57-0.65; middle 50% OR 0.62, 95 %CI 0.58-0.66; heaviest 25% OR 0.65, 95 %CI 0.61-0.70). The results suggest that lifestyle factors may moderate the risk of hearing loss. Alcohol consumption was associated with a protective effect. Quitting or reducing smoking and avoiding passive exposure to tobacco smoke may also help prevent or moderate age-related hearing loss.

The prevalence of hearing loss has risen making it a significant public health issue. Hearing loss is caused by complicated pathophysiological pathways, with various risk factors identified, such as hereditary factors, inflammatory processes, systemic disorders, noise exposure, medicines, oxidative stress, and age. Metabolic syndrome is a medical condition characterized by the presence of hypertension, central obesity, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Metabolic syndrome has been linked to several clinical diseases, such as stroke, heart attack, cardiovascular disease-related death, and diabetes. A cross-sectional study was done on 100 patients with metabolic syndrome which used specific cut-off points of waist circumference, fasting glucose levels, blood pressure, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to diagnose the condition. Among these five criteria, at least three had to be met, and the presence of additional criteria indicated greater severity. Audiological evaluation with pure tone audiometry was done and recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of the results. The majority of the patients (62%) had unilateral hearing loss, amongst which sensory-neural type and moderately severe hearing loss were the most common type (67%) and severity (61%) of hearing loss respectively. Chi-square tests were done for the comparison of type, severity, and laterality of hearing loss with age, gender of the patients, and criteria fulfilled for metabolic syndrome. The severity of hearing loss had a statistically significant association with the age of the patients and the number of criteria fulfilled for metabolic syndrome with a p-value of 0.003. There was a statistically significant association between the severity of hearing loss and the age of the patients and the number of criteria fulfilled for metabolic syndrome with a p-value of 0.004. Metabolic syndrome affects the auditory system in several ways. It damages hearing and exacerbates presbycusis. Hearing loss worsens as components of the metabolic syndrome increase.

Associations between parental hearing impairment and children's mental health: Results from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study

Aim: The aim of present study to investigate association between metabolic syndrome [MetSyn] and vitamin D deficiency on hearing loss among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Subjects and methods: This is an observational cohort study based on 528 subjects aged between 20 and 59 years who visited the Hamad Medical Corporation with hearing difficulty during from January 2013 to July 2014. MetSyn was assessed using the revised NCEP-ATP III criteria. Vitamin D level was evaluated from reported serum 25 (OH) D. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the relation between selected lifestyle factors, MetSyn, vitamin D and presence of hearing loss. Results: The mean age (± SD, in years) for metabolic hearing loss versus normal subjects was 47.7 ± 10.2 vs. 48.5 ± 9.1. Over 90% of the s patients were using phones devices and 13.4% had hearing impairment watching TV. The consanguineous marriages were observed higher in Hearing loss (32.9%) than in normal hearing (23.0%) (p=0.028). The waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio and body mass index were significantly higher among the participants with MetSyn versus without MetSyn (p<0.001). The mean of diabetes onset duration (9.03 ± 4.35 years), sleeping disorder (5.76 ± 1.32 h), cigarette smoking (16.4%) and sheesha smoking (20.7%) were higher among hearing impairment. The associated risk factors were significantly higher in T2DM with hearing loss, hypoglycemia, retinopathy, Nephropathy and Neuropathy diabetic foot ulcer, Tinnitus, Vertigo and headache than in normal hearing diabetes. There were statistically significant differences between hearing impairment versus normal hearing for vitamin D [18.91 ± 7.65 ng/ml vs 22.85 ± 9.00 ng/ml; p=0.018], magnesium, phosphorous, HDL, ceatinine, albumin, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Further, there were highly statistically significant differences between hearing impairment versus normal for both side right and left ear frequency in Db unit (p<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed vitamin D Deficiency (OR 2.59 95% CI 1.65-4.72; p<0.001), Head ache (OR 1.97 95% CI 1.30-2.85; p<0.001), sleeping disturbance (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.23-2.71, p=0.002), systolic blood pressure (OR 1.66 95% CI 1.20-2.48; p=0.009), cigarette smoking (OR 1.90 95% CI 1.23-2.95; p=0.004), age in years (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.30-2.54; p=0.026), nationality (Qatari) (OR 1.55 95% CI 1.10-2.17; p=0.014), diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.69 95% CI 1.14-2.52; p=0.012), age in years (OR 1.45 95% CI 1.30-2.54; p=0.026) and sheesha smokers (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.32-3.11, p=0.038) were considered at higher risk as a predictors of hearing loss among diabetic patients. Conclusion: The current study results suggests that the impact of metabolic syndrome and vitamin D among diabetic patients were significantly associated with the hearing loss in the Qatari's population

INTRODUCTIONUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this study aimed to assess the association between smoking and hearing loss and explore its heterogeneity across gender and age groups.METHODSThis secondary dataset analysis used a cross-sectional design and included NHANES data from 2005–2012 and 2015–2018. The study population consisted of adults without hearing-related disorders. Hearing loss was assessed by pure tone audiometry (PTA) and included low-frequency (LFHL), speech-frequency (SFHL) and high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL), expressed as continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between hearing loss and the exposure variable smoking status.RESULTSA total of 4217 adult subjects were included. It was found that smokers had a higher prevalence of LFHL, SFHL and HFHL than non-smokers (LFHL: 15.62% vs 8.51%, SFHL: 23.22% vs 12.98%, HFHL: 53.48% vs 36.95%). In males, in Models 1 (unadjusted), 2 and 3 (adjusted), there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in LFHL (β=4.24; 95% CI: 3.32–5.17; β=1.65; 95% CI: 0.80–2.49; β=1.52; 95% CI: 0.66–2.38) in SFHL (β=5.63; 95% CI: 4.56–6.70; β=1.95; 95% CI: 1.05–2.84; β=1.62; 95% CI: 0.72–2.52) and in HFHL (β=10.20; 95% CI: 8.21–12.19; β=2.85; 95% CI: 1.33–4.37; β=2.19; 95% CI: 0.69–3.70) between smokers and non-smokers, for continuous variables of hearing loss. In male hearing loss, categorical variables also showed statistically significant differences between smokers and non-smokers (p<0.05). In the middle-aged group, compared with non-smokers, logistic regression of smoking with all three types of hearing loss showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in Models 1, 2 and 3.CONCLUSIONSThere was a significant association between smoking and hearing loss, with maybe more significant associations with all three types of hearing loss in male smokers and a significant relationship between smoking and hearing loss in the middle-aged group.

Comparison of Cigarette and Water-Pipe Smoking by Arab and Non–Arab-American Youth

Co exposure to noise and ototoxic substances in the workplace; an outlook on the EU-OSHA literature review (European agency for safety and health at work)