Abstract
Oxidative stress has been closely related with coronary artery disease. In coronary heart disease (CHD), an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production generates endothelial cell and smooth muscle functional disorders, leading to a disequilibrium between the antioxidant capacity and prooxidants. ROS also leads to inflammatory signal activation and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, which can promote and increase the occurrence and development of CHD. There are several kinds of antioxidative and small molecular systems of antioxidants, such as β-carotene, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and reduced glutathione (GSH). Studies have shown that antioxidant treatment was effective and decreased the risk of CHD, but the effect of the treatment varies greatly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been utilized for thousands of years in China and is becoming increasingly popular all over the world, especially for the treatments of cardiovascular diseases. This review will concentrate on the evidence of the action mechanism of TCM in preventing CHD by modulating oxidative stress-related signaling pathways.
Highlights
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the primary reasons of death in the world, with 7.4 million deaths in 2013, being responsible for one-third of all deaths [1,2,3]
The results showed that DSS significantly reduced the level of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase and that DSS had reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity and enhanced endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH-PX, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activities through stimulation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway which was regulated by serine/threonine kinase (Akt) and extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway in a western blot analysis
The results showed that OSR relieves myocardial damage in the rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and that the cardioprotective effects may be associated with antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative mechanisms
Summary
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the primary reasons of death in the world, with 7.4 million deaths in 2013, being responsible for one-third of all deaths [1,2,3]. Salvia miltiorrhiza: Salvia miltiorrhiza, a famous Chinese herb medicine, has been widely used in treating cardiovascular diseases [24] Studies showed that it could relieve small artery circulation, decrease ROS production [25,26,27], restrain cell apoptosis [27,28,29], and protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury [30,31,32]. The results indicated that azafrin treatment significantly ameliorated heart function and infarct size in rats; reduced the levels of myocardial enzymes, cardiac troponin l (cTnI), and MDA; and increased SOD activity in vivo. DSY decreased the infarction size, IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, and MAD, as well as enhanced SOD activities and glutathione [87, 88] These results suggested that DSY plays a remarkable role against ischemic myocardial damage in rats, probably through an anti-inflammatory reaction and antioxidative properties.
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