Abstract
Initial clinical and pathological diagnostic workup of urinary bladder cancer is based on cystoscopy, transurethral resection of suspicious lesions, and computed tomography when indicated. Accurate staging is necessary for further therapeutic decision-making. This review summarizes the current status of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and the vesical imaging-reporting and data system (VI-RADS) classification. MpMRI may improve the accuracy of assessment of local tumor invasion compared to conventional imaging alone. VI-RADS standardizes reporting of MRI staging and classifies the likelihood of muscle-invasive bladder cancer into five categories. Preliminary data suggest low interobserver variability. However, prospective multicenter studies are necessary to validate the VI-RADS classification. Progress in functional, molecular, and hybrid imaging may further improve the accuracy of clinical tumor and nodal staging for bladder cancer.
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