The Role of Spirituality in Shaping Social Interaction in Kendari City: A Study of the Meaning of Worship in Community Life

Early Life Experience Shapes Male Behavior and Social Networks in Drosophila

Living in a group creates a complex and dynamic environment in which the behavior of the individual is influenced by and affects the behavior of others. Although social interactions and group living are fundamental adaptations exhibited by many organisms, relatively little is known about how prior social experience, internal states and group composition shape behavior in a group, and the neuronal and molecular mechanisms that mediate it. Here we present a practical framework for studying the interplay between social experience and group interaction in Drosophila melanogaster and show that the structure of social networks and group interactions are sensitive to group composition and individuals’ social history. We simplified the complexity of interaction in a group using a series of experiments in which we controlled the social experience and motivational states of individuals to dissect patterns that represent distinct structures and behavioral responses of groups under different social conditions. Using high-resolution data capture, machine learning and graph theory, we analyzed 60 distinct behavioral and social network features, generating a comprehensive representation (“group signature”) for each condition. We show that social enrichment promotes the formation of a distinct group structure that is characterized by high network modularity, high inter-individual and inter-group variance, high inter-individual synchrony, and stable social clusters. Using environmental and genetic manipulations, we show that this structure requires visual and pheromonal cues. Particularly, the male specific pheromone cVA and Or65a sensory neurons are necessary for the expression of different aspects of social interaction in a group. Finally, we explored social interactions in heterogenous groups and identified clusters of features that are sensitive to increasing ratios of aggressive flies, some of which reveal that inter-individual synchronization depends on group composition. Our results demonstrate that fruit flies exhibit complex and dynamic social structures that are modulated by the experience and composition of different individuals within the group. This paves the path for using simple model organisms to dissect the neurobiology of behavior in complex environments associated with living in a group.

Social behavior in mammals is often studied in pairs under artificial conditions, yet groups may rely on more complicated social structures. Here, we use a novel system for tracking multiple animals in a rich environment to characterize the nature of group behavior and interactions, and show strongly correlated group behavior in mice. We have found that the minimal models that rely only on individual traits and pairwise correlations between animals are not enough to capture group behavior, but that models that include third-order interactions give a very accurate description of the group. These models allow us to infer social interaction maps for individual groups. Using this approach, we show that environmental complexity during adolescence affects the collective group behavior of adult mice, in particular altering the role of high-order structure. Our results provide new experimental and mathematical frameworks for studying group behavior and social interactions.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00759.001

To date, research on spontaneous social interactions in mixed and non-mixed groups has not included exchanges with peer buddies. In Study 1, socio-cognitive factors associated with the intention to volunteer to become a peer buddy for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) were investigated. In Study 2, spontaneous social interactions in adolescents with ASD and a low level of support with selected peer buddies and with other students were compared. In Study 1, social-cognitive abilities were investigated through the use of self-report questionnaires. Among typically developing students, their willingness to spontaneously volunteer to help a classmate with ASD was evaluated. Moreover, students were required to indicate among their classmates who were competent to volunteer and who were not. In Study 2, social interaction behaviors in mixed and non-mixed groups were observed and opportunely codified. In Study 1, students expressing the intention to volunteer obtained higher scores on empathy scale and displayed more positive attitudes towards ASD than other classmates. Volunteers were, in turn, selected as peer buddies by their classmates. In Study 2, when students interacted with selected peer buddies engaged in the highest number of social positive interaction behaviors than they did in other kinds of groups. The worst social interactions were observed in non-mixed groups. Social behavior displayed by students with ASD appeared strongly influenced by social partners. Students with ASD seemed to more positively benefit from interactions with selected peer buddies compared to other mixed and non-mixed groups.

This paper presents a case study in which social interactions in groups of adolescents were mapped in order to define a product interaction that suited the adolescents. A school class of 18 students, 13 – 15 years old, participated in this project. In the first phase of the study, cultural probing was used to identify the social groups in the school class. In the second phase, the students worked in these groups on a sensitizing package, after which each group participated in a generative session. By means of the probes and sessions, insights were obtained into the interactions, relationships, roles and personalities within each social group. Based on the insights, we formulated a design vision for a museum visit for school groups. This vision was made tangible in a concept design for a museum visit for the Netherlands Architecture institute. In this case study, social interactions were used as motivator and mechanism for creating a museum experience. But a similar approach may be valuable for the design of products that mediate in social activities. In the conclusions we suggest the development of tools and methods to support designers in designing products and services that fit within people's social lives.

Context-dependent impacts of anthropogenic noise on individual and social behaviour in a cooperatively breeding fish

The purpose of this investigation is to (1) determine the identity of agricultural advisor in Kendari City; and (2) knowing the social capital of extension workers in carrying out extension activities in the Kendari City. The samples in the study were all agricultural extension workers in Kendari City. The data analysis used in this study Is a descriptive quantitative analysis that is processed using the class interval formula. The results of this study showed that the social capital of Kendari City is generally in the good category. This can also be seen from the aspects of trust, reciprocity and social interaction are in the good category. This means that agricultural extension workers in Kendari City have implemented the elements of social capital well.

This study aims to describe the level of social interaction in the Sehati farmer group in Kakaskasen Dua Village, Tomohon City which consists of cooperation, accommodation, and assimilation. This research was conducted from May to March January. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with 10 respondents consisting of KSB and all members of the Sehati Farmer Group using a questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from BP3K, literature, and previous research related to this study. Methods of data collection were carried out using a survey, and measured using a Likert scale. The results showed that, the level of social interaction in the Sehati farmer group in Kelurahan Kakaskasen Dua Tomohon City from the accommodation cooperation variable, the assimilation was 84.72%. Generally classified as Very Good. In particular, the level of interaction in the Sehati farmer group for the very good category, namely the accommodation variable was 85.33% and the assimilation variable was 89.83%. For the good category, namely the cooperation variable, amounting to 77.5%. The results showed that the social interaction of the Sehati farmer groups was very good except for the good cooperation. The results of the Likert analysis show that social interaction in the Sehati farmer group in Kakaskasen Dua Subdistrict, Tomohon City reaches 84.72% which means that it is in the very good category.

Social interaction in online support groups: Preference for online social interaction over offline social interaction

Human mobility patterns can be analysed in a less invasive manner using Wi-Fi data. Management teams can utilise findings to make better management decisions that could benefit relevant stakeholders. Using large sets of data collected by access points across the university campus, we analyse human behaviour on a spatial and temporal aspect. We attempt to identify social interactions through a group identification method. This group identification method utilises a set of conditions that users must fulfil before the record is deemed as a social interaction. This method is tested on a group of students who partake in sports-related activities, comparing the result against a sample of general students. We found that sports-related students are indeed more sociable than the general students as they spend more time in groups and social interactions. We also utilised social network graphs to visualise social group interactions and a “closeness” measure of the social group among its members. The results of this study demonstrates how social group interactions can be identified on campus.

Increasing varieties of applications for smartphones allow users to post (upload) multimedia content and interact in social networks. Usually modeled as a graph, social networks are achieved for applying data mining techniques in the analysis of social relations among users. However, these analyses do not make explicit which actions are performed, which types of medias and users' applications for mobile phone are used to provide social interactions. We have been investigating a human-readable technique for representing social interactions as behavioral contingencies -- if-then rules which describe what people do -- and measuring them using data mining procedures. In this paper we apply our technique for analyzing social interactions in group of Facebook users. We present results that enable us to identify the most symmetric social interaction and the smartphone users' application which provides the type of media used in the symmetric social interaction.

This study aims to describe the original badong procession, describe the badong of the Toraja people in Kendary City, and analyze change in badong and the causes of changes in badong among Toraja people in Kendari city. of functionalism using the ethnographic method. The result of this indicicate that in the funeral procession the maa badong ritual is carried out. This ritual usually carried aot as form of appreciation for people who have died by chanting badong poems containing an expression of lamentation, prayers and biographies of people who have returned to puang daring their life until they die. The procces of maâ badong carried out ini Kendary City is not much different from badong in Toraja because it does not change the value contained in the ritual. The only difference is the approval or agreement of the church and family so that the ritual is very rarely carried out. This happens because the family of the deceased has embraced Christianity and no longer embraces all todo lo (belief of the ancestors) so that ritual can be carried out if it has received approval from the family and the church. However, if one of them does not agree, then the ritual is not carried out. In addition, the change from badong did not experience significant changes in Kendary city because the duration of the in Maradona was not too long compared to badong in Toraja. Likewise, the uniform used by parading in Kendari city is not restricted/free compared to the paâ badong in Toraja who always wears a uniform equipped with a hat. this due to the economic factor of the deceasedâ family which is not sufficient to finance all the needs of badong. Indeed, badong can be chanted at night after the consolation service after obtaining approval from family and church.

Abstract: Achievement motivation is a psychological condition that encourages or moves individuals to fulfill their desires or needs. In this case, peer groups have an influence in developing social and psychological aspects, such as being creative according to their interests, being able to fulfill the need to be accepted and giving something to the group. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between social interaction in peer groups and learning motivation. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The sample used in this research was 43 class XI TKJ students. The data collection tool uses a self-developed questionnaire based on indicators of social interaction and learning motivation. The data analysis uses the product moment correlation test. The results of this research show that there is a positive relationship between social interaction in peer groups and student learning motivation at SMK Negeri 1 Kuripan, West Lombok. Keyword: Social interaction, peer groups, motivation to learn Abstrak: Motivasi berprestasi merupakan kondisi psikologis yang mendorong atau menggerakkan, individu untuk memenuhi keinginan atau kebutuhannya. Dalam hal ini, kelompok teman sebaya mempunyai pengaruh dalam mengembangkan aspek sosial dan psikologis, seperti berkreatifitas sesuai dengan minatnya, dapat memenuhi kebutuhan untuk diterima maupun memberikan sesuatu kepada kelompoknya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara intgeraksi sosial dalam kelompok teman sebaya dengan motivasi belajar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitaif deskripstif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI TKJ sebanyak 43 orang siswa. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan angket yang dikembangkan sendiri berdasarkan indikator dari interaksi sosial dan motivasi belajar. Adapun analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi product moment. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan yang positif antara interkasi sosial dalam kelompok teman sebaya dengan motivasi belajar siswa di SMK Negeri 1 Kuripan, Lombok Barat. Kata kunci: Interaksi sosial, kelompok teman sebaya, motivasi belajar

<p>W historii ukraińskiej myśli pedagogicznej szczególną uwagę poświęca się problematyce kształtowania duchowej osobowości dziecka w okresie przedszkolnym. Ustalono, że istnieją różne podejścia do uzasadniania pojęć, treści, zasad duchowości, duchowego świata osobowości, duchowo-moralnych walorów. Duchowe walory i priorytety społeczeństwa wyrastają z kulturalno-historycznych tradycji, doświadczenia narodu. W artykule zaprezentowano treść kategorii „duchowość” i „duszewność”, ponieważ posiadają one odmienne skierowanie. Duchowość wyraża skierowanie ludzkiego bycia do transcedentności, a duszewność cechuje dobre traktowanie ludzi. Walory duchowe są kontrolowane i wspierane przez opinię społeczną i sumienie człowieka, co umożliwia normalizację relacji, gwarantuje porządek, pozwala zachować porozumienie w społeczeństwie. Podstawowym zadaniem wychowawców jest moralne uświadomienie dziecku siebie jako osobowości oraz umożliwienie mu przyswojenia duchowych walorów. Wśród wymagań programowych znajdują się: wspieranie rozwoju wyobraźni o duchowym ideale człowieka, wzbogacanie własnego doświadczenia emocjonalnego oraz kształtowanie pewnej „postawy do siebie”. Kształtowanie podstaw duchowości powinno odbywać się już od pierwszych lat życia. Jest to okres poznania człowieka i społeczeństwa, odkrycia Boga przez dziecko, zapoznania się z życiem na Ziemi z całą jego barwnością. To początkowy okres tworzenia własnej tożsamości, podstawowych cech charakteru, stosunku do otaczającego świata, ludzi i siebie, a także przyswajania moralnych norm zachowania ważnych dla rozwoju osobowości, w tym jakości psychicznych. Jest to ciągły proces, trwający przez całe życie, skierowany na przyswajanie przez ludzi reguł i norm zachowania. W przedszkolach idea duchowego wychowania jest realizowana przy pomocy różnych form pracy wychowawczej.</p>

Supporting Religion and Spirituality to Enhance Quality of Life of People With Intellectual Disability: A Jewish Perspective