Abstract
A total of 130 diseased and dead broiler chicks of 1-10 days of age obtained from different sources were examined; yolk sac samples from these chicks were cultured and the bacteria were isolated and identified on biochemical tests. Unabsorbed yolk sac was observed in 48 (36.9%) chicks associated with signs of septicemia in many cases. These unabsorbed yolk sac exhibit signs of moderate to mild inflammation indicating that the cause of death is the consequences of the infection rather than it's direct effect. The recovered 12 Salmonella isolates were: S. enteritidis 5(41.6%), S.virchow 3(25%), S.typhimurium 2(16.6%), S.heidelberg 1 (8.3%), S. kentucky 1(8.3%). Thickness of yolk sac wall and the fibroses may be the cause of un absorption of yolk, Sever changes were seen in the liver, heart, intestine and yolk sac represented by congestion, inflammatory cells infiltration.
Highlights
Yolk sac infection (YSI) is a major cause of mortality in broilers during their first week of life (Bains, 1979; Coutts, 1981 and Jordan 1996)
The pericardium, abdominal air sacs and serosal surface of intestine were mildly thickened by variable combinations of heterophils, macrophages and fibrin, in addition to presence of multifocal infiltration of inflammatory cells in hepatic tissues, Gorham et al (1994), Ismail and Garo(2009)
Prevalence of unabsorbed yolk sac: Out of the 130 dead and diseased chicks of 1-10 days of age, unabsorbed yolk sac was observed In 48(36.9%) chicks
Summary
Yolk sac infection (YSI) is a major cause of mortality in broilers during their first week of life (Bains, 1979; Coutts, 1981 and Jordan 1996). Yolk sac infection occurs mainly due to bacterial contamination of the eggshell at the broiler breeder farm shortly after the egg is laid, while the cuticle is still moistened (Mosqueda and Lucio, 1985; Saif et al, 2003). Poor fertile egg storage conditions, poor egg disinfection, and humidity levels during incubation may promote egg contamination (Banis, 1979). Another important route of yolk sac infection is the bacterial penetration through a poorly healed navel (Coutts, 1981; Mosqueda and Lucio, 1985; Wray et al, 1996).
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