Abstract
Phosphoinositides account for only a small proportion of cellular phospholipids, but have long been known to play an important role in diverse cellular processes, such as cell signaling, the establishment of organelle identity, and the regulation of cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics. As expected, given their pleiotropic regulatory functions, they have key functions in viral replication. The spatial restriction and steady-state levels of each phosphoinositide depend primarily on the concerted action of specific phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases. This review focuses on a number of remarkable examples of viral strategies involving phosphoinositide kinases to ensure effective viral replication.
Highlights
Phosphoinositides (PPIns) play a key role in cell physiology, even though they account for only 10% of cellular phospholipids [1]
Studies concerning the interaction between PPIns metabolism and the viral multiplication cycle are improving our understanding of how viruses make use of the metabolic pathways of the cells they infect
PIKfyve is required for effective Ebola viruses (EBOV) and coronavirus infections, and PI3K is required for EBOV replication
Summary
Phosphoinositides (PPIns) play a key role in cell physiology, even though they account for only 10% of cellular phospholipids [1]. PPIns are present during different stages of the viral cycle occurring in different parts of the cell It is, crucial to determine the importance of kinases involved in lipid metabolism in the cycles of different viruses. The subcellular distribution of PPIns determines the roles of these molecules in different metabolic spatially, by a set of kinases and phosphatases (Figure 1) distributed between the various cell compartments. All PIs are involved in biological processes Their location within the cell determines their interactions with different effectors and, their roles. One important pathway of PI(4,5)P2 metabolism involves the cleavage of this molecule by phospholipase C (PLC) to generate diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 3 phosphate (IP3), which are involved in the release of Ca2+ linked to an increase in virion release [8,9]
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