The Role of Parents' Self-Perceptions in the Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Aspects of Parenting.

Abstract

Parents' posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have been shown to be negatively associated with aspects of parenting, yet the mechanisms that link PTSS to parenting remain unclear. Because PTSS include negative alterations in cognitions, trauma-exposed parents may have skewed perceptions of themselves as parents. However, no studies have examined whether there is an indirect effect of PTSS on parenting through parents' self-perceptions. Path analysis was used to determine (a) whether DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters are related to parenting indices (i.e., support, satisfaction, involvement) and self-perceptions, (b) if parental self-perceptions are tied to aspects of parenting, and (c) if there is an indirect effect of PTSS on parenting through parental self-perceptions. Participants were 223 trauma-exposed parents (Mage = 36.92 years, SD = 7.9, 63.7% female) recruited from a midwestern U.S. university or via Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood were inversely related to parental support, B = -0.41, p = .008, and alterations in arousal and reactivity were inversely associated with parental self-perceptions, B = -1.26, p = .001. Parental self-perceptions were positively related to all parenting indices, Bs = 0.27-0.44. Indirect effects were observed for alterations in arousal and reactivity and parental support, satisfaction, and involvement via parents' self-perceptions, Bs = -0.34 to -0.55. Parental self-perceptions appear to be a potential factor in understanding parenting difficulties for trauma-exposed parents experiencing alterations in arousal and reactivity. Targeting these perceptions may be a point of intervention aimed at improving parenting outcomes among trauma-exposed parents.