Abstract
Simple SummaryThe present study, comparing the postnatal development of purebred Iberian and crossbreds Iberian × Large White littermates born from purebred Iberian sows, allows us to discern phenotype traits driven by the genotype from features imposed by pre- and postnatal environment. The results obtained in this study support the well-known relevance of genotype but also evidence a paramount role of the interaction sex-by-genotype, with differential effects depending on the offspring genotype and sex.The present study aimed to assess the importance of offspring genotype on postnatal development, independently of confounding factors related to prenatal environment and postnatal lifestyle, using a translational model of obesity and metabolic syndrome (the Iberian pig). Hence, we compared two genotypes (purebred Iberian and crossbreds Iberian × Large White), produced in one single maternal environment (pure Iberian mothers) through artificial insemination of Iberian sows with Iberian and Large White heterospermic semen and maintained in the same conditions during postnatal development. The results indicate that, under same pre- and postnatal environments, the interaction genotype-by-sex has a determinant role on offspring phenotype (i.e., growth and development, metabolic and antioxidant status and fatty acid composition of different tissues). These results may set the basis for future preclinical and clinical research on the differences in the metabolic phenotype among genotypes.
Highlights
Obesity was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005, when the affected population reached 400 million of adults and at least 2.6 million of people were dying each year as a result of being overweight or obese
The birth weight and size of the piglets were significantly different between genotypes
The values for trunk length were higher in IB × LW newborns (24.0 ± 2.7 vs. 22.6 ± 2.2 cm in IB × IB; p < 0.01), while abdominal and thoracic were between genotypes occipito-nasal lengthshorter was greater
Summary
Obesity was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005, when the affected population reached 400 million of adults and at least 2.6 million of people were dying each year as a result of being overweight or obese (https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#Biology 2020, 9, 445; doi:10.3390/biology9120445 www.mdpi.com/journal/biologyBiology 2020, 9, 445 tab=tab_1). Obesity was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005, when the affected population reached 400 million of adults and at least 2.6 million of people were dying each year as a result of being overweight or obese A second worrying aspect of the pandemic is the dramatic demographic change observed in the last years. The condition was traditionally described in adult individuals of wealthy populations from high-income countries. The global changes in lifestyle and dietary patterns have modified its distribution and obesity and associated disorders affect both children and adults of different socioeconomic classes in both developed and developing countries [6]
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