Abstract
Objectives:Tic disorders are associated with neurodevelopmental origin, changes in dopaminergic neurons, and the formation of immunoreactivity, it is thought that neurotrophic factors may be crucial in the emergence of tic disorders. In this study, we targeted to explore role of neurotrophic factors in tic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate serum Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) levels in patients with tic disorder and healthy controls.Methods:Thirty-four children, constituted the case group, were diagnosed with tic disorder. The control group included 34 healthy children. Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) (structured interview) and Yale Global Tic Severity Rating Scale (YGTSRS) was applied to the patients. NGF and GDNF levels were measured with ELISA kit.Results:In case group, serum NGF and GDNF levels were found to be significantly higher in females than males (p = 0.042, p = 0.031). It was determined that serum NGF and GDNF levels were correlated with each other (r = 0.803, p <0.001) and there were no correlations between other parameters. There was no significant difference in NGF and GDNF in patients with tic disorder, compared to healthy controls.Conclusions:The absence of this relationship does not exclude the hypothesis that neurotrophic factors may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of tic disorders.
Highlights
Tics are sudden, rapid, non-rhythmic and repetitive movements or voices
We aimed to investigate the role of neurotrophic factors in the etiopathogenesis of Tic disorder
There were no significant differences between these two groups with respect to age (p=0.149), gender (p=0.086), and maternal and paternal education levels (p=0.442, p=0.808, respectively)
Summary
Rapid, non-rhythmic and repetitive movements or voices. Evidence has been established in recent years that hypersensitivity of postsynaptic dopamine receptors or excessive dopamine release takes place in the etiologyCorrespondence: May 11, 2018 June 13, 2018 July 2, 2018 July 5, 2018 of the disorder in individuals diagnosed with Tourette’s Syndrome (TS).[1]. Rapid, non-rhythmic and repetitive movements or voices. Evidence has been established in recent years that hypersensitivity of postsynaptic dopamine receptors or excessive dopamine release takes place in the etiology. Correspondence: May 11, 2018 June 13, 2018 July 2, 2018 July 5, 2018 of the disorder in individuals diagnosed with Tourette’s Syndrome (TS).[1] The effectiveness of antidopaminergic agents in the treatment of tic disorder supports this hypothesis.[2] the course of tic disorders cannot be fully explained by this hypothesis. Neurobiological factors are implicated in the etiopathogenesis, depending on that the tic disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurodevelopmental disorders may occur due to problems with neurodevelopmental steps such as synaptic and neuronal growth myelinization, neuronal differentiation, and synaptic pruning. Neurotrophic factors play a major role in neurodevelopmental steps.[3]
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