The Role of Media and Technology in Contemporary Warfare

This article gives an overview of the role of the mass media in highway safety campaigns directed at the drinking and driving problem. Attention is focused on public service campaigns and paid advertising campaigns. The following questions are addressed: (1) what is known about the role, use and effects of mass media in campaigns on drinking and driving; (2) what are the deficiencies in the research evidence gathered thus far; (3) what additional knowledge is needed to conduct successful mass media campaigns; (4) what research is needed to get that additional knowledge; and (5) what practical actions can be started now to improve media campaigns?

The (Dis)alienating Function of the Media. The Role of Mass Media in Building a Civil Society The article discusses the relationships between a sense of alienation and the use of mass media. This discussion was triggered by the idea of the media's significant power in the lives of individuals and their ability to meet fundamental needs. Given the fact that the level of a sense of alienation implies the level of citizens' socio-political activity, defining the role of the media focuses on their importance in the process of building a civil society.

This chapter looks at development of approaches to the study of mass media in health campaigns through a historical lens, and places the recent growth of health communication study in historical context. It reviews the role of earlier studies of communication campaigns for their impact on the study of and use of mass media in the promotion of health behavior. The received history did capture the trajectory of much of the research and theorizing about the role of the mass media in persuading audiences and influencing their behavior. The intervention to a community might include no use of mass media, use of mass media alone, or use of mass media in combination with interpersonal communication. The chapter summarizes the study of the mass media's role in health campaigns and communicating health messages. The social marketing approach to designing messages is in many ways atheoretical, campaign specific, and leads to noncumulative findings about the process of persuasion even when it works.

The subject of the study is the definition of the role of mass media in the development of intercultural communication in the context of digitalization. Intercultural communication in the modern world is actively developing in the context of globalization, and is also being significantly transformed through the mass application of information and digital technologies. The promotion of intercultural dialogue in order to form an understanding and acceptance of the specifics and identity of different cultures remains unchanged. The article formulates the author's definition of the meaningful characteristics of the role of the media in the development of intercultural communication through the prism of two main aspects of their functioning in this area: the transmission of socio-cultural values and traditions, as well as coverage of issues arising in the process of intercultural dialogue. Attention is focused on the complex nature of the influence exerted, which is manifested in the implementation of a number of functions by the media (educational, organizational and integration). Through a systematic analysis, the current state of intercultural communication has been studied, and the use of a structural and functional method has made it possible to determine the role of the media in the development of intercultural communication. Based on the application of empirical methods (observation, comparison, etc.), current trends in the functioning of the media in the context of digitalization have been identified. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it takes into account the impact of the large-scale dissemination of information and digital technologies in the media, which significantly increases the availability of relevant materials to the public, and the degree of involvement of the media in the development of intercultural communication. The role of the media in the development of intercultural communication in the context of digitalization is determined, since the process of mass media dissemination currently has significant specifics and is important for the formation of a modern person's worldview. According to the results of the study, the authors conclude that the activity of the media in the context of digitalization, characterized by the transition to the Internet space, is of crucial importance for the development of intercultural communication. Conclusions and suggestions can be used in the development and reading of theoretical and practical courses on intercultural communication.

The article describes the role of the media in the professional education of future social workers. The influence of mass media in the professional education of a future social worker is represented - it is an opportunity for an individual to choose the information he wants to receive, and not what is imposed on him from outside, although this is due to certain technical and political difficulties; the use of reliable information flows for vocational education by taking into account the influence of various public organizations, cultural and educational activities. The influence of mass media in the professional training of future social workers has been developed, which includes internal and external factors influencing its components, inflows and outflows. Features of professional education of the future employee are characterized. The role of mass media in the activity of the future social worker is singled out. The role of mass media in the professional education of the future social worker is emphasized.

Role of Journalism and Media During the Crisis of the Coronavirus Pandemic in India: A Review

In 2024, the Indonesian people will once again face a general election to choose a new president to lead the country. Political figures are actively conducting large-scale campaigns to secure the most votes and attract public attention. This is closely linked to the role of the media as an information source in delivering political messages in various formats, such as news broadcasts, talk shows, and advertisements, which shape and influence public perceptions of presidential candidates and their political parties. Thus, the media is believed to still play a significant role in shaping public opinion. This study employs a qualitative descriptive research method aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding of the role of mass media in shaping public opinion after the 2024 election. The research is conducted through a literature review, collecting various theories from newspaper analyses, articles, and relevant books to understand media framing and its impact on public opinion. The findings of this study indicate that the role of mass media and public opinion has a significant influence on people's political behavior. Through mass media and social media, the public can be influenced in forming political attitudes, making voting decisions, and engaging in political participation.

This study aims to determine the process of innovation diffusion in the Covid-19 vaccination program. The Diffusion of Innovations was chosen because the Covid-19 vaccination program is an innovation or new idea in the health sector. In its distribution, the role of interpersonal communication and the role of the mass media are very influential so that this program can be conveyed to the public and make the public finally become more knowledgeable about the Covid-19 vaccination program. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with an innovation diffusion theory approach. The informant determination technique used in this study was purposive sampling. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Covid-19 vaccination program carried out by the government for the community can be conveyed and accepted by the community. The success of this vaccine program is supported by the factor of the role of interpersonal communication which is always carried out with the closest people and the surrounding community so that a lot of knowledge and information can be obtained. Then with the role of the mass media which always spreads and provides information quickly about the Covid-19 vaccination program and the mass media sometimes provides information about the Covid-19 vaccination program in various unique and creative ways so that people are interested and eventually want to be vaccinated.

There are plethora of contending reasons for the failure of the third-term agenda embarked upon by the erstwhile President of Nigeria, Olusegun Obasanjo to elongate his term of office from the constitutional two terms to a third term. Although no single account is sufficient to explain the failure and its implications on the festering governance crisis in the country, one key point of convergence is that the media played a pivotal role in ensuring public education on the contentious issue. The study therefore assessed the influence of President Olusegun Obasanjo’s policies on the role of mass media against the Third Term Agenda. It also attempts to verify the actual nature of the role of mass media in the Third Term Agenda and investigated the influence of ethnicity and media ownership on the role of the mass media in the Third Term Agenda. It further examined the efforts of the mass media in the emergence of the Fourth Republic in Nigeria. This was with a view to assessing the roles of the mass media in President Olusegun Obasanjo’s Third Term Agenda. The study utilized both primary and secondary data. A total of 170 copies of questionnaire were distributed among members of political parties, academia, journalists, pro-democracy groups and relevant NGOs. The selected respondents were: two members of five major political parties; twenty scholars from recognized academic institutions in Nigeria; three journalists each from three dailies and two weekly newspapers; one member of staff of FRCN in five States as well as National Television Authority staff members: and two members of staff each from state owned radio and television stations in the sampled states; five members of staff each from Private radio stations; five members of staff each from two private television stations; five members of five pro-democracy Non Governmental Organisations across Nigeria; and five members of staff each from National Broadcasting Corporation and Ministry of Information. The secondary sources included books, journal, dailies, among others. The primary data were analysed using the descriptive and inferential statistics while the secondary data were subjected to content analysis. The results showed that 37.2% of the responded clearly that government’s policy did not impact the role of the mass media on the third term agenda. It also, the study showed that the mass media played agenda setting role upon which other actors based their agitations in the third term agenda (54.3 per cent) and that ethnicity did not condition the role of the mass media. Furthermore, the result showed that privately owned media outlets provided a quantum of agitation against the third term agenda. Finally, the mass media were major actors in the race that birthed the fourth republic and in the quest to ensure the preservation of the democracy. The study concluded that the mass media, maintained an approach and strategy that were largely encapsulated in aggressive attack and criticism rather than an educative effort that is capable of nurturing a democracy. KEY WORDS - Mass Media, Democracy/democratization, Third-Term Agenda, Tenure Elongation.

Media is a tool to provide information to be broadcasted or circulated openly to the public. In the technology era, the has a very media significant role because it can influence the public’s opinion as the society cannot be separated from technology. During the ‘New Order’ era, the authorities had censored the truth, thus forced the public to initiate regime changes that brought down the new order rulers. Then, the reformation era emerged, which prioritised public freedom, including freedom of the press and freedom of expression. This study used qualitative analysis assisted with the NVivo12 Plus application in the data analysis. The data was obtained from the internet, websites, and journals. This study explained a form of a political campaign that used the influence and impact of media to lead public opinion. This research also looked at the role of the mass media –mainly online media– in the 2019 political campaign. We found that the media’s influence and role are significant and reliable to win votes and political contestation. In addition, the research also provided information about the 2019 presidential election.

The paper deals with the role of media in education and socialization of elementary school children, that is, with a specific type of transfer that is acquired through alternative forms of learning, especially through television as a medium. Apart from the process of education, the focus of the paper is on the process of socialization of primary school children, because television as a medium and media in general affect behavior, hab- its, emotional development, and social relations of children and youth. The research problem is related to children’s preferences in choosing media contents and their parents’ role in this process. The basic hypothesis of the research is that the role of mass media, specially television, in the transfer of knowledge of elementary school children is significant. Within the framework of specific hypotheses, the existence of both positive and negative effects of the transfer of knowledge acquired through media on the socialization of elementary school children was assumed, as well as the fact that parents have a significant role in the process. A combined method was used in the research: quantitative survey research and quali- tative focus group research. The survey sample of 246 respondents included children from two schools, one rural and one urban (64 from each school), and parents from one rural and one urban schools (58 from both schools). The focus group sample consisted of two groups of parents from these schools (eight from the rural school and ten from the urban one). Techniques of descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis of respondents’ answers were used to process the obtained data. The results of the research showed that the role of mass media communication in the transfer of knowledge is significant for the socialization of children, but also that the role of media (television) is less pronounced when it comes to the education of children, because children are more focused on the entertainment content. The lack of restrictions in media industry and the introduction of the market principle as media regulatory mechanism was expected to be sufficient for achieving the public interest; however, the educational role of media was neglected at the expense of the entertainment role, which becomes a profit generator. Hence, the children’s choice of TV programs can be assumed to be caused by the lack of production-designed educational programs in commercial media, intended for children. The fact that almost half of the children involved in the research (attending higher grades of elementary school) watch educational documentaries on foreign channels shows that there is interest in educational programs; however, younger children are not able to follow complex formats, therefore the content needs to be simplified and made suitable for different ages. In addition, the contents should be selected in such a way that they correlate with school curricula.

This entry describes the study of acculturation emphasizing the role of media in socialization. It highlights that interpersonal communication and mass media use have been two key parts in the process of acculturation when immigrants or international students move from one culture to another culture. In terms of explaining the role of media, previous studies have employed two different approaches: the unidimensional approach and the bidimensional approach. Early studies in general supported the unidimensional approach indicating that the use of host media, and reducing the use of ethnic media, facilitated fast and smooth transition to a new culture, while sticking to ethnic media retarded cultural adaptation. As the Internet and social media have become more prominent in recent years, the bidimensional approach is demonstrating more explanatory power in that immigrants or international students can maintain the balance between adopting a new culture and sustaining their cultural origin and identity. Some studies, however, have suggested that either approach cannot be universally applied to the acculturation contexts. Although the Internet and social media have played an integral role in the process of acculturation, it should be noted that the role of mass media, especially television viewing, can still be essential for immigrants or international students to understand the host society's values, norms, and behaviors, particularly in the initial stages of acculturation. Finally, suggestions for future research are discussed.

The Arab Gulf state of Kuwait holds the region’s only elections, a unique press, and is home to many displays of free speech. There are many discussions and debates about the capacity and durability of democracy in Kuwait and how it is intertwined with other social, economic and political factors. Yet a gap in the literature concerns the role of mass media and social media, and how the public invests in it and how it may influence voters. Little has been written on how media might influence electoral outcomes in general and electoral campaigns in particular. In this chapter, the author looks at the role of mass and social media in the December 2020 parliamentary election campaign. These elections were held under the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic and had many restrictions that raised the importance of digital media. While many commentators believed that the restrictions would help independent candidates overcome graft such as vote buying and block tribal primaries the results of the election were very similar to previous elections. By looking at the micro-level dynamics in campaigning and media, the author develops more clear insights into the literature on elections and media.

In Dec 2019, a novel pathogen emerged, and within weeks, led to the emergence of the biggest global health crises seen to date. The virus called ‘SARS-CoV-2’, causes coronavirus disease which was named ‘COVID-19’ by the World Health Organization (WHO). The speedy spread of this infection globally became a source of public worry and several unknowns regarding this new pathogen created a state of panic. Mass media became the major source of information about the novel coronavirus. Much like the previous pandemics of SARS (2003), H1N1 (2009), and MERS (2012), the media significantly contributed to the COVID-19 infodemics. In this review, we analyze the role of mass media and public health communications from December 31, 2019 to July 15, 2020, and make scientific inferences. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights multiple social, cultural, and economic issues arising from the media’s arguable role. The racial prejudices linked to the origin of the virus prevented collaborations among scientists to find a solution. Media coverage of coronavirus news during geographical lockdowns, extended quarantines, and financial and social hardships induced fear and caused psychological stress. Domestic and elderly abuse upsurged. The unscientific cures and unverified medicines endorsed by the politicians and fake doctors proved harmful. The media played a worldwide role in coronavirus disease tracking and updates through live updates dashboard. The media allowed for timely interventions by the Center For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), enabling a rapid and widespread reach of public health communications. We saw an upward trend for the promotion of health and hygiene practices worldwide by adaption of safe health practices such as increased hand washing, use of face coverings, and social distancing. Media reinforced illness-preventing guidelines daily, and people were encouraged to use telehealth to meet their healthcare needs. Mass media has an imperative role in today’s world and it can provide a unified platform for all public health communications, comprehensive healthcare education guidelines, and robust social distancing strategies while still maintaining social connections. It can enable equal access to healthcare, end discrimination, and social stigmatization. The role of media and public health communications must be understood and explored further as they will be an essential tool for combating COVID-19 and future outbreaks.

On October 31, 2021, Indonesia was appointed to assume the G20 Presidency and proposed 3 (three) priority issues in the G20 Presidency, namely Digital Transformation Issues, Global Health Architecture Issues, and Sustainable Energy Issues. To obtain the success of the G20 Presidency, the role of mass media is an important factor to support this success. Using quantitative content analysis and thematic analysis units, this article seeks to obtain an overview of the role of the media on two important issues focused on at the G20 event, namely Priority Issues and Working Group Issues. The results of the study found that Kompas.com conveyed the most information about the G20 with 202 articles and issues regarding Digital Transformation were the most discussed Priority Issues. It can be concluded that the role of the media is still limited in conveying information about the G20, so it is expected to amplify the G20 through other social media and convey messages that have proximity to the audience.