The Role of Law in the Implementation of Islamic Social Reporting: A Case Study of Islamic Banking in Asia

Purpose This paper aims to examine the level of Islamic social reporting (ISR) disclosure of Islamic banking in Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) countries using a checklist based on Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institution (AAOIFI) standards. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative method – Tobit Model – is adopted in this study. The unweighted disclosure method used to measure the ISR disclosure checklist consist of 51 items in Islamic banks (IBs) in the GCC countries. The stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory are used to investigate the possible banking performance factors affecting the accounting practices such as ISR disclosure in IBs. Findings The findings show that the ISR disclosure index is linked to the IBs’ performance indicators in GCC countries. The result indicates both Islamic banking profitability and age establish positive and statistically significant relationship with ISR disclosure while leverage establishes significant negative relationship with ISR disclosure. This implies that Islamic banking profitability, leverage, and age are essential bank performance indicators that make ISR disclosure worthy of doing even in the presence of Islamic bank stakeholders in GCC countries. This finding linked compliance with the mandatory disclosure recommendations of AAOIFI Standard No. 7, as well as voluntary disclosure. Research limitations/implications This study used cross sectional data for the year 2019, which is considered more recent despite its being a year data analysis. However, future research should consider mix method as well as more analysis tools provided their number of observations are sufficient enough. Social implications The study identifies the factors that may enhance Islamic financial institutions, including Islamic banking in GCC countries, to comply with ISR disclosure. The application of this study supports Accounting standards setters to consider standards that support ISR disclosure in Islamic banking in different countries. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is novel in exploring the level of ISR disclosure in Islamic banking in GCC countries by using a checklist based on AAOIFI standard No. 7 and establishes the relationship between ISR disclosure index and IBs profitability, leverage, as well as age of Islamic banking in operation.

This research is motivated by the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) because it needs to be implemented by Islamic banks in meeting the expectations of stakeholders, especially the Muslim community. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and Financial Performance on Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) Disclosures with Non-Performing Financing (NPF) as Intervening Variables in Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia (2016-2020 Period). The research data collection method is by using secondary data sourced from the Annual Reports of each Islamic bank from 2016 to 2020. The results show that the variables of the Board of Commissioners, and Financial Performance are able to influence the Disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) while the Sharia Supervisory Board, Audit Committee, Institutional Ownership does not affect Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) Disclosures. The variables of the Audit Committee and Institutional Ownership mediated by Non-Performing Financing (NPF) are able to influence the Disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) while the Board of Commissioners, Sharia Supervisory Board, and Financial Performance mediated by Non-Performing Financing (NPF) do not affect the Disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR).Keywords: Good Corporate Governance, Islamic Social Reporting, Non-Performing Financing

Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) is an index of social accountability disclosure whose indicators refer to Islamic ethical principles. Islamic banking operates by sharia principles. Therefore the disclosure of ISR in Islamic banking must be within the corridors of Islamic theology. This study uses the E-Views software to identify the factors that influence the level of exposure to Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) in Islamic banking in Indonesia. The factors examined in this study are company performance and company size towards Islamic Social Reporting. The results of this study show that financial performance proxied by ROA has no effect on ISR with a calculated T value of 1.338357, and financial performance proxied by NPF has no impact on Islamic Social Reporting with an estimated T value of 1.405019. Company size is a proxy for the Size that affects Islamic Social Reporting, with a T-test result of 3.077773 <2.03693. The results of the F test obtained a value of 0.021230 <0.05, which means that the variables NPF, ROA, and Size together influence the Islamic Social Reporting of Islamic Banks in Indonesia for the 2016-2020 period.

Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) is an index of social accountability disclosure whose indicators refer to Islamic ethical principles. Islamic banking operates by Sharia principles. Therefore the disclosure of ISR in Islamic banking must be within the corridors of Islamic theology. This study uses the E-Views software to identify the factors that influence exposure to Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) in Islamic banking in Indonesia. The factors examined in this study are company performance and company size towards Islamic Social Reporting. The results of this study show that financial performance proxied by ROA has no effect on ISR with a calculated T value of 1.338357, and financial performance proxied by NPF has no impact on Islamic Social Reporting with an estimated T value of 1.405019. Company size is a proxy for the Size that affects Islamic Social Reporting, with a T-test result of 3.077773 <2.03693. The results of the F test obtained a value of 0.021230 <0.05, which means that the variables NPF, ROA, and Size together influence the Islamic Social Reporting of Islamic Banks in Indonesia for the 2016-2020 period.

Purpose – The objective of this study is to determine the impact of capital size and obligatory charity on Islamic Social Reporting in Sharia commercial banks. Methodology – The study’s population comprises 14 Islamic commercial banks, while the sample includes 9 Islamic commercial banks. This research employs an explanatory methodology and is quantitative in nature. Regression analysis of panel data, supported by Eviews 12 analysis tools, is the research methodology utilized in this work. Findings – The study’s findings revealed a significant positive correlation between the size of capital or a car and Islamic social reporting. This suggests that Islamic banks with substantial capital tend to be more effective in conducting social reports in a transparent and accountable manner, adhering to Islamic principles. Conversely, the study indicated that zakah has a minimal impact on Islamic social reporting. It further asserted that zakah’s contribution to corporate social reporting is not as substantial as other factors, such as other capital resources, which enable companies to conduct social reporting comprehensively and systematically. Implications – While Indonesia’s Islamic banking industry is experiencing growth and intensifying competition, maintaining a certain level of bank health remains essential. A bank’s capital is one of several key factors that determine its health, as it is primarily responsible for generating the highest possible returns. Originality – In addition to fulfilling legal obligations, Islamic banks’ implementation of the Islamic Social Reporting Program surpasses expectations by establishing a robust Islamic philosophy and tasawwur (visual representation) as the foundation for their social responsibility. This positioning elevates them as one of the financial institutions that can contribute to the flourishing of the community.

Purpose: The Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) plays a significant role in Islamic banking. Therefore, it is important to examine how the characteristics of the SSB influence financial performance, particularly when mediated by Islamic Social Reporting (ISR).Method: This study adopts a quantitative approach. We analyze the annual financial statements of 13 Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia from 2019 to 2023, focusing on how SSB characteristics affect financial performance through ISR. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to test the proposed hypothesis, utilizing SEM-PLS with Smart-PLS 4 as the analysis tool.Result: The analysis reveals that SSB characteristics do not significantly impact financial performance, suggesting that the role of the SSB has not sufficiently influenced financial outcomes. However, SSB characteristics significantly affect ISR, which in turn has a significant impact on financial performance. The mediation analysis shows that ISR fully mediates the relationship between SSB characteristics and financial performance. Therefore, ISR is a crucial factor in improving the financial performance of Islamic banks.Practical Implications for Economic Growth and Development: This study recommends that Islamic banks enhance the role of the SSB, particularly in ensuring transparent and effective social disclosures. Strengthening ISR practices can improve financial performance, thereby increasing Islamic banking’s contribution to community financing and fostering broader economic growth.

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of profitability, leverage, liquidity, and independent commissioners on the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) in Islamic Banking in Indonesia in 2015-2018. This study uses a causal research strategy (cause and effect) with a quantitative approach that is measured using a panel data regression-based method with the help of Eviews 10 software. The population of this study is all Islamic Commercial Banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) from 2015 to 2015. 2018. The sample was determined based on the purposive sampling method, with a total sample of 10 Islamic Commercial Banks so that the total observations in this study were 40 observations. The type of data used in this study is secondary data in the form of financial reports that are downloaded through the website of each Islamic commercial bank. The data analysis method used in this research is multiple regression test and hypothesis testing. Based on the results and discussion, it shows that profitability has a significant negative effect on Islamic Social Reporting (ISR), Leverage has a significant positive effect on Islamic Social Reporting (ISR), negative liquidity has no significant effect on Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) and the Independent Board of Commissioners has no significant effect. on Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) on Islamic banking in Indonesia for the 2015-2018 period.

This research is motivated by the rapid growth of Islamic banking, which necessitates that Islamic banks enhance profitability to operate in a sound and efficient manner in line with Sharia principles. In their operations, Islamic banks focus not only on financial aspects but also on non-financial aspects, such as Maqashid Shariah and Islamic Social Reporting (ISR). This study aims to examine the impact of Maqashid Shariah and ISR on the profitability of Islamic banks. A quantitative method is used, with a population of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia from 2018 to 2022. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in data from 55 annual reports of Islamic banks. The analytical technique used is multiple linear regression to measure the influence of each variable. The findings show that Maqashid Shariah has a significant negative effect on profitability (t-value of -4.468 and a significance value < 0.001). This result aligns with the concept of Maqashid Shariah in banking, where the primary goal of Islamic banks is not short-term profit but rather social welfare. On the other hand, ISR has a significant positive effect on profitability (t-value of 4.308 and a significance value < 0.001). ISR plays an important role in strengthening the image, reputation, and public trust in Islamic banks. This study provides insight into the importance of non-financial aspects in supporting the sustainability of Islamic banks.

<p>The purpose of this research is to examine the difference of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) disclosure level of islamic banking in Indonesia and Malaysia based on ISR index. The samples were selected by purposive sampling method. The samples that is used in this research is five islamic banks in Indonesia and five islamic banks in Malaysia. This research uses secondary data, that is annual report from 2010-2012. Annual reports were analyzed using content analysis method. Furthermore, the differences of ISR disclosure level were tested using independent sample t-test. The results showed that ISR disclosure level of islamic banking in Indonesia is better than ISR disclosure level of islamic banking in Malaysia. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, found that there are significant differences in the disclosure level between islamic banking in Indonesia and Malaysia.</p><p><br />Keywords: Islamic Social Reporting, Islamic Social Reporting Index, Islamic Banking</p>

Purpose of the study: This study aims to explain the effect of Islamic Banking Intellectual Capital and Islamic Social Reporting on the Islamic Financial Performance Index of Sharia Bank Indonesia.
 Methodology: The data obtained in this study consisted of a total of 368 from annual financial reports and sustainability reports that were officially published by each Islamic bank in Indonesia. The analytical method used in this study is the Partial Least Square (PLS) method which is processed with SmartPLS 3 software.
 Main Findings: There is an essential influence on the implementation of Islamic Banking Intellectual Capital and Islamic Social Reporting on Islamic Financial Performance in Islamic Banking in Indonesia. This finding also shows that intellectual capital and social reporting by Islamic banks have a significant positive effect on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia.
 Applications of this study: This research will help next researchers to develop research in the banking world and can be used by banking institutions to become scientific input. Besides, mobilizing and using intangible resources properly will improve the financial performance of an organization.
 Novelty / Originality of this study: The existence of Islamic Banking Intellectual Capital combined with Islamic Social Reporting can affect and improve the competitiveness of Islamic Banking in Indonesia. This study will be a complete research and provide clear information for practitioners and academics.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influences of profitability, Islamic Governance Score and the size of banks on the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) in Islamic banks in Indonesia. ISR was an index used to measure the level of social responsibility report of Islamic entities based on the values ​​of Islamic Shari'a. Sample was determined by purposive sampling method according to the research criteria. Based on the sampling technique, among the 11 populations of sharia commercial banks, all were selected to be samples of the study. This research analyzed annual report of sharia bank in Indonesia in 2014-2016 using content analysis method to know information relating to research variable. This research datas were tested using classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis, and hypothesis test to know the relation between variables. The result of the research in F test showed that profitability, Islamic Governance Score and bank size simultaneously affected the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR). Then, t test proved that there were influences of Islamic Governance Score and bank size to the disclosure of ISR partially. Meanwhile, profitability did not have a significant influence on the level of ISR disclosure in sharia commercial banks in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the Disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting at Islamic Industrial Banks in Indonesia with Environmental performance as moderating. The sample in this study changed into 12 Islamic industrial Banks for the 2015-2020 period. The information used is 72 annual reports received by the documentation method. This study use panel data regression and using Moderated Regression Analysis. Results based on the studies found an effect that partially Leverage a company size variable has a positive effect on Islamic Social Reporting, Profitability doesn’t have any significant effect on Islamic Social Reporting. Environmental performance is capable of moderating the connection between company size and Islamic Social Reporting. but, environmental performance isn't always capable of moderating the connection profitability and leverage on the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting.Keywords: Islamic Social Reporting, Islamic Banks, Profitability, Company Size, environmental performance

Purpose - This study aims to compare the level of disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting between Islamic banking in Asia and Islamic banking in Africa using the ISR index approach. Method - The data analysis in this study used content analysis. The sample in the study was 18 Islamic Commercial Banks with purposive sampling method.Result - The results of the study show that there are differences in the implementation of social performance of Islamic banking in Asia and Africa. This is proven by the results of the Mann Whitney test with a sig value of 0.001 greater than α = 5%. There is some evidence that of all Islamic banks, both Asian and African, none has yet achieved 100% (one hundred percent) implementation and disclosure of the ISR Index.Implication - This research uses secondary data in the form of annual reports and annual financial reports on the respective official websites of Islamic Commercial Banks in Asia and Africa during the 2012-2020 period.Originality- Further research is expected to be able to use or add variables and increase the research sample so as to obtain results that better describe the actual situation.

This study aims to develop and analyze a maqosid sharia-based performance improvement model for Islamic banks in Indonesia. First, a comprehensive and relevant literature review is carried out to form a performance improvement model based on maqasid sharia. Furthermore, the model is tested empirically using statistical tests. The results show that Islamic social reporting (ISR) has a positive role in increasing maqasid sharia. Islamic corporate governance (ICG) likewise has a positive function in expanding Islamic social reporting. Islamic social reporting (ISR) does not mediate the relationship between Islamic corporate governance (ICG) and maqasid sharia. Islamic social reporting (ISR) does not mediate the relationship between Islamic corporate governance (ICG) and maqasid sharia. The implication of this result shows that Islamic commercial banks should give more consideration to the level of accomplishment of maqasid sharia, with the application of Islamic corporate governance (ICG) and the better implementation of Islamic social reporting (ISR) under the objectives of sharia banks. Regulators need to make policies in the form of incentives for Islamic banking to carry out their operations optimally and further realize maqasid sharia. The findings of this research have implications for policymakers, the need for a policy on the mandatory implementation of Islamic corporate governance (ICG). This study builds a model that can improve performance based on Islamic maqosid in Islamic banks in Indonesia.

<p align="justify">This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of factors that can affect the CSR performance of the Islamic social reporting (ISR) index of Islamic banks, which then interact with moderating variables. The method used is a quantitative method with multiple regression techniques and moderated regression analysis used to analyze the data. The factor used is Islamic social reporting, and the moderating variable is financial performance contained in the annual reports of several Islamic banks in Indonesia. From 2012 to 2021, the population of this study is Indonesian Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS). The sample obtained based on the sample selection criteria is only four Islamic commercial banks with a total of only 40 observations, indicating that the sample is still relatively small and the resulting value is relatively low to explain the company's financial performance. The time series method is used to process the data. The result show ROA and ROE can moderate and strengthen the impact of ISR on firm performance, ISR has a favorable and considerable impact on the financial performance of Islamic banks. The added value of the company is supported theoretically and empirically by this study. For this research to be used as a reference to explain phenomena with existing theories, the hypotheses made are stated descriptively and then accompanied by a Sharia perspective.</p>