The role of HbA1c in identifying dogs at high risk for diabetes despite normal blood glucose levels.

To investigate the association between diabetes symptoms and physical activity (PA) levels among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Data for this study were obtained from 2018 Charles data. Z test, logistic regression analysis, and linear hierarchical regression analysis were performed in 5352 individuals aged ≥50 years with complete information. In terms of diabetes, 6.8% of the middle-aged and elderly people with diabetes were detected, and 93.2% of the middle-aged and elderly people without diabetes symptoms. The proportion of middle-aged and elderly people with high PA levels was 50.5%, and the proportion of middle-aged and elderly people with low PA was 49.5%. There was a significant positive correlation between low PA and diabetes (P < .05). After adjusting demographic characteristics (gender, registered permanent residence type, education level, age, widowhood) and health status characteristics (poor mood, asthma, hyperlipidemia, disability, memory disease, self-assessment of health status, hypertension, smoking, stroke, depression), there was still a statistical significance between PA level and diabetes (P < .05). The risk of diabetes of middle-aged and elderly people in China increases with age, while the risk of diabetes of middle-aged and elderly people with low level of PA is higher. The risk of diabetes is high among middle-aged and elderly people who are old, have poor self-evaluation health, suffer from hyperlipidemia, memory disease, and asthma. The middle-aged and old people should increase their PA levels to prevent and improve diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing in incidence and research has shown that normalization of blood glucose levels can moderate the risk of microvascular and neurological complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nurse telephone calls on glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and adherence to diabetes control recommendations. A randomized design with control and experimental groups being assessed pre- and post intervention was used to assess the effectiveness of nurse telephone calls. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group and 16 to a control group. The goal of the intervention was to keep blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range (HbA1c < 7%). The intervention was applied to the intervention group for 12 weeks, and consisted of continued education and reinforcement of diet, exercise, medication adjustment recommendations, as well as frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose levels. Telephone intervention was performed twice per week for the first month and then weekly for the second and third month. Participants were requested to write self-management logs including blood glucose levels, diet and an exercise diary. A dietitian analysed the diet diaries and participants were informed about their results by telephone or mail. All medication adjustments were communicated to participants' doctors. The HbA1c and diabetes adherence were measured before and after the intervention. Patients in the intervention group had a mean decrease of 1.2% in HbA1c levels and those in the control group had a mean increase of 0.6% in HbA1c levels. The intervention group had greater diet and blood glucose testing adherence than the control group. These findings indicate that a nurse telephone intervention can improve HbA1c, and diet and blood glucose testing adherence.

The Effectiveness of a Human Patient Simulator in the ATLS Shock Skills Station

Objectives • To assess the intensity of labor pain and outcome of labor among the control group. • To assess the effectiveness of ambulation on intensity of labor pain and outcome of labor among the experimental group. • To assess the usefulness of ambulation by opinionnaire among experimental group. • To compare the effectiveness of ambulation on the intensity of labor pain and outcome of labor among experimental and control groups. • To find an association between the intensity of labor pain with selected demographic variables. Materials and methods An experimental research approach was used for the study. Random sampling technique was used to allocate the subjects into experimental and control groups. Visual analog scale was used to assess the intensity of pain and observational check list was used to assess the outcome of labor. The study comprised of 40 primigravida mothers and they were grouped as experimental and control through randomization. One group received ambulation treatment, the other did not. The researcher then observed the groups to determine the effect of the treatment. Results The collected data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The intensity of pain revealed that 40% in the experimental and 55% in the control groups experienced severe pain. The labor augmentation revealed that both oxytocin and cerviprime gel was used for 30% in the experimental and 35% in the control groups. On the mode of delivery, majority of mothers (60%) had normal vaginal delivery both in experimental and control groups. On the duration of the first stage of labor revealed that 50% in the experimental and 20% in the control groups were between 10 to 12 hours. Second stage of labor revealed that majority were between 1 and 2 hours in both the control and experimental groups. The opinion of experimental group mothers on ambulation revealed that half of the mothers (50%) agreed for recommending the ambulation for their neighbors and friends and less than half (35%) of them have agreed for comfort during first stage of labor and 40% of them have agreed for ambulation should be made as a routine in labor room. In the experimental group, mean pain score (6.8) is less than the control group (7.5). The calculated Mann-Whitney Z-value (2.045) is greater than the Z α-value of 1.960 at 0.05 level of significance. In the experimental group, the mean duration of first stage of labor score (3.95) is significantly higher than the control group mean score (3.00). The mean outcome of labor in experimental group (13.95) is greater than the control group. Conclusion There was a significant difference in the duration of first stage of labor between the experimental and control groups. But, there was no significant difference in the overall outcome of labor between experimental and control groups. There was no significant association between intensity of labor pain with selected demographic variables. This may be because of small sample size. How to cite this article Savitha V, Nayak S, Paul S. Effect of Ambulation during First Stage of Labor on Labor Pain and Outcome of Labor among the Primigravida Mothers in a Selected Hospital, Mangalore. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(1):1-3.

Prediabetes with a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 5.7 - 6.4% is associated with a poor prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but whether the degree of glycemic control is associated with COVID-19 severity is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the degree of glycemic control and COVID-19 severity in patients with prediabetes. We reviewed 254 patients with COVID-19 admitted to our hospital between April 2020 and September 2021. Based on their HbA1c level, patients were classified into low (HbA1c level < 5.7%), moderate (HbA1c level, 5.7 - 5.9%), and high risk of diabetes (HbA1c level, 6.0 - 6.4%). The association between risk of diabetes and the worst COVID-19 symptom in terms of severity during admission was evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis. Seventy-one and 88 patients had moderate and high risks of diabetes, respectively. Sixty-three and seven patients presented severe (requiring non-invasive oxygen therapy) or critical (intensive care unit admission or artificial respiratory management) COVID-19. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high risk of diabetes was correlated with severe COVID-19 (P = 0.01) after adjusting for baseline characteristics, whereas a moderate risk of diabetes was not (P = 0.17). Prediabetes with a high risk of diabetes is associated with the worst COVID-19 symptom in terms of severity during admission. Our findings could aid in more efficient allocation of healthcare resources to a narrower population of prediabetic patients. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-023-00643-z.

Objective To investigate the effects of probiotics on the survival of sepsis mice and their mechanism. Methods A total of 60 male C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, respectively, the sham operation group (n = 20), the control group (n = 20) and the experimental group (n = 20). After feeding 2 d, mice in the experimental group were given 200 μL probiotics solution daily; mice in the control and sham operation groups were given 200 μL NaCl solution, with continuous intragastric administration for 4 weeks. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed on the mice in the experimental and control groups, while mice in the sham operation group were performed with the same procedures of CLP except for cecal puncture. Ten mice in each group were used to observe their activity and survival of 7 d, and the blood and colon tissues were taken in the other 10 mice in each group after 24 hours. The expression levels of serum inflammatory factor interleukin 22 (IL-22), IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the colon tissues were measured by the hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining method, and the expression of colonic mucosa (Occludin) in each group was observed by the immunohistochemical method. Results Mice in the sham operation group grew well, mice in the control group curled up in a corner of the cage and trembled, and mice in the experimental group were more active than the experimental group, without obvious tremor. At 7 d, there were still 3 survived mice in the experimental group which were given euthanasia; the 7 d survival was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = 0.020). At 7 d, 10 mice in the sham operation group all survived and were given euthanasia. The expressions of serum IL-22 [(103 ± 23) ng/L vs. (27 ± 9) ng/L, t = 7.590, P < 0.001], IL-2 [(328 ± 27) ng/L vs. (77 ± 21) ng/L, t = 21.368, P < 0.001] and TNF-α [(94 ± 22) ng/L vs. (56 ± 9) ng/L, t = 4.734, P < 0.001] in the control group were significantly different as compared to the sham operation group. Meanwhile, the expressions of serum IL-22 [(75 ± 33) ng/L vs. (27 ± 9) ng/L, t = 3.755, P = 0.001], IL-2 [(217 ± 30) ng/L vs. (77 ± 21) ng/L, t = 10.850, P < 0.001] and TNF-α [(107 ± 20) ng/L vs. (56 ± 9) ng/L, t = 5.956, P < 0.001] in the experimental and sham operation groups all showed statistically significant differences. Compared with the control group, the expressions of serum IL-22 [(103 ± 23) ng/L vs. (75 ± 33) ng/L, t = 2.185, P = 0.042] and IL-2 [(328 ± 27) ng/L vs. (217 ± 30) ng/L, t = 8.371, P < 0.001] in the experimental group were significantly different, while the TNF-α [(94 ± 22) ng/L vs. (107 ± 20) ng/L, t = 1.363, P = 0.188] expression showed no statistically significant difference. In the sham operation group, the colonic mucosa was intact and the glands were regularly arranged with little or no inflammatory cell infiltration. However, mice in the control group appeared derangement, deformation and lack of colonic mucosal epithelial glands, fuzzy connected structures of enterocytes, and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells some of which had crypt abscess. The colonic epithelia of mice in the experimental group were basically complete without erosion and loss, glands were normally arranged, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells decreased more as compared to the control group. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that mice in the sham operation group had complete acinar structures of colonic epithelial cells and more Occludin proteins. The acinar structures of colonic epithelial cells in the control group were destructed and disappeared, and there were infiltration of inflammatory cells and less Occludin proteins. The acinar structures of colonic epithelial cells in the experimental group were complete with widened interacinar gaps, and the expression of Occludin protein increased as compared to the control group. Conclusion Probiotics can inhibit the reduction of Occludin of intestinal epithelial cells and stabilize barrier structures of intestinal mucosas, thus effectively improving the survival of septic mice. Key words: Probiotics; Sepsis; Occludin

This randomized-controlled trial demonstrates that an exercise consultation, based on the transtheoretic model of exercise behavior change, significantly improves short-term adherence to exercise.

Zmiany metylacji i oksydacji w próbkach DNA bydła bytującego w środowisku zanieczyszczonym metalami ciężkimi

The instructional-educational process in learning to swim plays a crucial role in children's development. Approaching methods and use in training practices of all ages and performance levels have been the subject of ever deeper research, so that the effectiveness of training in this area is increasingly visible. The issue of motivation in sports is a topical issue because it is essential for athletes' involvement and performance. Although material stimulation can be considered an important factor in motivating athletes, it is not necessarily enough to commit them to an extremely difficult and risky path, such as that of performance sports. Athletes' motivation stems from a complex combination of factors, including passion for sport, the desire to demonstrate their skills and talents, the aspiration to achieve personal and collective goals, and the desire to achieve recognition and satisfaction through sporting success. The purpose of the research is to identify the level of motivation for swimming and performance of children aged 9-10 years. Research method: the test Motivation for swimming of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation after N. Luskanova) The test was applied by the researcher in October 2022 to a number of 30 children aged 9-10 who practice swimming in the Tirgoviște Swimming Complex and CSȘ Tirgoviște Swimming Pool. Depending on age, we have, within the experimental group, 7 children aged 9 and 8 children aged 10. Within the control group, we identify 6 children aged 9 years and 9 children aged 10 years. We observe that the two groups are homogeneous, referring to the age variable. Regarding the gender of the subjects who are part of the group subjected to the experiment, we observe homogeneity in terms of gender, in each group there are 5 girls and 10 boys. The distribution according to the residential environment from which they come is as follows: from the experimental group 3 subjects come from the rural environment and 12 from the urban environment, and in the control group 1 subject comes from the rural environment and 14 from the urban environment The test results can be seen in Table 1. The difference between the values obtained between the experimental and control groups is not significant from a statistical point of view, since the values of the statistical indicators are close, we observe small differences between them.Table 1. Distribution of results on the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation according to N. Luskanova), experimental group and control group (n=20 boys)tabelThe differences between the two groups in the statistical indicators are variable, the difference between the averages is small, 0.6 points, in the standard deviation the difference between the groups is 0.77 points, the minimums recorded are equal to 15 points, and the difference between the maximums of the groups is 1 point. These results show homogeneity regarding the level of motivation between the experimental group and that of the control group. Table 2. Analysis of the level of motivation for swimming in the experimental and control groups, boystabelWe find that the level of motivation for swimming of the interviewed subjects is good. On the first level are ranked 2 subjects from the experimental group SC with 26 points and CR with 25 points, and from the control group subject MR with 25 points. These subjects have a very good motivation to practice swimming. On the second level, a number of 3 subjects from experimental group II are ranked with 24 points, AN with 23 points, AT with 20 points and six control subjects BM with 24 points, NA and RN with 23 points each, CI, AI and VE with 21 points each. The motivation of these subjects is characterized as good. Level III, respectively of relatively good motivation, has 5 subjects from the experimental group in the ranking: DF with 19 points, MG with 18 points, BL and IA with 17 points, GI with 15 points. In the control group, three subjects were registered on this level: BG with 19 points, RO with 18 points and DC with 15 points. None of the subjects was ranked on level IV-weak motivation and on level 5-very weak motivation. Overall, the motivation of 9-10 year olds for swimming is good and relatively good. In the following we will analyze the results recorded by the girls' teams. Table 3. Distribution of results on the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation according to N. Luskanova), experimental group and control group, (n= 5 girls)tabelThe difference between the values obtained between the experimental and control groups is not statistically significant as the values of the statistical indicators are close in value. The difference between the averages of the two groups is 1.04 points, the standard deviation being 2.82 points in the case of the experimental group and 1.49 in the case of the control group. The difference between the minimum values is 1 point, and between the maximum values is 4 points in favor of the experimental group. The results obtained by the girls from the two groups subjected to the experiment, in the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years, are as follows: on the first level, with a very good motivation, only GM ranked with 26 points, from the experimental group , on level II, with good motivation, the subjects AF with 22 points and BM with 20 points from the experimental group and DV with 22 points, AN and IF with 20 points each from the control group are highlighted. On level III, relatively good motivation, there are EL with 19 points and MT with 18 points from the experimental group and BP and NO with 18 points each from the control group. Table 4 Analysis of the level of motivation for swimming in the experimental and control groups, girlstabelConclusions The analysis of the obtained data shows us that both groups subjected to the experiment, both in the case of boys and girls, have a good motivation for swimming, but there is a need to increase the level of motivation to maintain interest in this sport and to register performance, through specific activities. We believe that an increased level of motivation among children between the ages of 9 and 10 in swimming practice can have a significant impact on their development both in sports and personally. In correlation with the research results, we propose the following recommendations: - For each group of children, by age level, a psychological training program targeting the motivational component will be developed, which will be integrated into the training process. This program will be adapted to the specific needs of the group and will aim to adapt motivation and, implicitly, sports performance. - The psychological training program will include strategies and techniques to support the development of children's motivation for swimming, promoting commitment, the desire to excel and perseverance in training and competitions. This could include, among other things, visualization sessions, stability of personal goals, working with thoughts and emotions to maintain a positive mindset and focus on success.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition that causes many problems for adolescents and their families. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the numerous complications of the disease that require long-term treatment and the need for daily blood glucose control, lifestyle modification and knowledge acquisition regarding self-care behaviors are essential throughout life. Objectives: Considering the increasing prevalence of diabetes, this study evaluated the effect of self-care education on glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and blood glucose control in adolescents with diabetes in Ilam, Iran. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with type 1 diabetes in Ilam. Patients were assigned randomly to experimental (n = 21) and control (n = 24) groups. A total of seven self-care group training sessions were arranged by the researcher; each session lasted 90 minutes and each group included five people. Patient fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c levels were measured before and three months after the intervention and analyzed using the SPSS 16.0 software, including descriptive statistics and chi-square, Mann-Whitney, independent t, and paired t-tests. Results: The findings of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups regarding FBS and HbA1c findings before the intervention. However, compared to the levels before the intervention, the difference was significant in the experimental group yet insignificant in the control group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that nurses should provide patients with this type of training to improve the health of patients with type1 diabetes.

A study of two 100-person groups of juvenile delinquents born in 1959 was conducted in the years 1981‒1985 at the Department of Criminology, Institute of Legal Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. The first (experimental) group consisted of boys randomly selected from the total of 225 juveniles born in 1959 who had committed at least on offence while intoxicated. The other (control) group were 100 randomly juveniles selected from the entire population of 8196 juvenile delinquents born in 1959. None of the juveniles selected for the experimental group happened to find themselves in the control group as well. As shown by the findings, the juveniles who had committed at least one offence while intoxicated were much more demoralized as a group than the whole of juvenile delinquents. It seemed interesting, therefore, to follow the further fates of both groups as adults. The follow-up period was 7 years; until that time, all of the examined persons reached the age of 25 when the average Polish man be- comes stabilized to some extent, having graduated from university, worked for several or a dozen years (upon completion of secondary or elementary education respectively), and frequently having also established a family. Data on the life situation of the young men from both examined groups on their 25th birthday were obtained from the following four sources: ‒ the Central Register of Convicted Persons kept by the Ministry of Justice, and the Register of Convicted and Detained Persons where criminal records of the entire sample were checked; ‒ files of criminal cases of all men with criminal records (47.0% of the experimental and 35.0% of the control group); the files concerned criminal proceedings before common courts for offences committed after coming of age; ‒ questionnaire survey of 63.0% of the experimental and 66.0% of the control group; ‒ inquiry submitted to the sobering-up stations concerning the entire sample. As shown by the findings, 24.0% of the experimental and 13.0% of the control group established their own families before the age of 25. The proportions are high, as regards the experimental group in particular: erly in the 1980s, the newly married constituted about 10% of the total male population aged 20‒24 in Poland. The mean educational level was higher in the control compared to the experimental group; this concerns first and foremost cases of education higher than the elmementary technical (of which there were two in the experimental compared to ten in the control group). Moreover, no cases of illiteracy could be found in the control group, compared to one such case in the experimental group. Of all the men of the experimental group concerning whom data could be obtained, 80.4% had a regular job, and 19.6% stayed out of job or worked casually. Of the control group, 80.0% had a regular job (33% combining job with school), 18.3% stayed out of job or worked casually, and one person had entered university. The number of convicted persons in the experimental group (47) was larger compared to the control group (35) by 12.0%, the difference being significant. Also relapse into crime was higher in the expenmental group (l5 vs. 11 cases). The first offence committed by those convicted as young adults was mainly one against property: 35 cases in the experimental group (66.0% of all those convicted) and 28 cases in the control group (80.0%). The second most frequent offence of members of the experimental group was an aggressive act: against life and health, freedom, personal dignity and inviolability (10 persons, i.e. 18.8% of all those convicted). The offences of this type included: bodily injury (Art. 156 of the penal code – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); participation in a brawl or beating (Art. 158 and 159 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); infringement of bodily inviolability (Art. 182 – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); assault against a public functionary (Art. 233 and 234 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); insult against a public functionary (Art. 236 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%). In the control group, 6 cases of such offences could be found (9.1% of all those convicted); yet the only offence under Art. 148 1 of the penal code, that is homicide, had been committed by a member of that goup.The other discussed figures and proportions were respectively: Art. l58, 159 – 3 persons, i.e. 8.6%; Art. 182 – 1 person (2.9%); Art. 233, 234 – 1 person (2.9%); and Art. 236 – 1 person (29%). Beside offences, the two groups manifested also other synptoms of social maladjustment. The symptoms found most often in both groups were: “contacts with persons known to the police as delinquent” and stays at the sobering-up station. As regards the experimental group, the third frequent symptom were brawls in the place of residence followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and avoidance of work. In the control group, avoidance of work ranked third, followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and brawls at the place of residence. This ranking of frequency of the symptoms of social maladjustment points to a greater aggressiveness of the young men from the experimental group. On the 63 young men from the experimental group concerning whom data could be obtained, 62 (98.0%) drank alcohol. In the control group 59 (89.0%) of the 66 concerning whom data could be obtained were drinkers. The group of drinkers included all those who had drunk several times a week already as juveniles, and 70% of those who had drunk once a week. In the control group, drinkers included 91.7% of those who had drunk as juvoniles (11 of 12 cases). Of those who had drunk as juveniles in the control group, 66.7% (8 cases) were convicted as adults. As shown by the discussed data, young men from the experimental group – those who committed as juveniles at least one offence while intoxicated prove much inferior in terms of the social situation to other men who also committed offences as juveniles but did not drink alcohol. Therefore, early alcohol consumption among juvenile delinquents is an important factor of a negative prognosis as to the further fates of such persons. A number of postulates have been formulated, addressed at the prosecuting agencies, criminal justice, and institutions designed to assist persons in extraordinary situation. With respect to the present sample, all such postulates acquire special importance and must be met without fail. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi kontynuację opracowania: Nieletni sprawcy przestępstw popełnionych pod wpływem alkoholu, „Archiwum Kryminologii” 1991, t. XVIII.

This study was designed to assess the impact of problem based learning on students’ critical thinking in science at elementary level. Major objectives of the study were to examine critical thinking’s of the students, to practice problem based learning through activities, and to evaluate critical thinking of the students after problem based activities. The study population was encompassed all students of 8th grade (20172) within District Muzaffar Garh. Sample consisted of total 50 students from within the same district. Twenty five students out of 40 were selected from Government Boys Elementary School Arshad Abad by using simple random technique as experimental group. Twenty five students out of 27 were selected from Government Boys Elementary Khara by using simple random technique as control group. The designs of study were pretest-posttest and Quasi experimental in nature. Problem based learning treatment pattern was applied. During 16-week treatment duration, the experimental group and the control group were treated with problem-based learning and taught through traditional lecture-based methods respectively. Data was collected from the control and experiment groups before and after four month problem-based learning through pre-test and posttest. After data collection, analysis of the data collected done through descriptive statistics by using mean, median, mode and standard deviation (SD) and inferential statistics by using t-test. Paired sample t-test was applied to measure significance difference value between the means of experimental and control group. T-test value is greater between experimental group and control groups in pretest than the significance value that shows there is significance statistical difference between experimental group and control group performances in pretest. Performance of experimental group is better. Value of T-test is greater between experimental and control groups in posttest than the significance value shows there is significance statistical difference in experimental and control groups performances in posttest. Experimental group performance is better. The experimental group performed better as compared to performance of control group in both pretest and posttest. But the difference in means of pretest of experimental and control group is very small than difference in means of posttest of experimental group and control groups. It depicts through problem based learning students’ critical thinking is highly improved.

We aim to use the ovariectomized cynomolgus monkey to observe the effect of long-term changes of sex hormone levels on ocular surface. Six healthy adolescent cynomolgus monkeys were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (n=3/group). Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in experimental group, and sham operation was performed on control animals with their ovaries reserved. The concentrations of serum estradiol and testosterone in cynomolgus monkeys' lower-limb venous were detected by radioimmunoassay before surgery, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the surgery. Phenol red cotton thread test, tear osmolarity, corneal fluorescein staining, and conjunctival impression cytology were performed to evaluate the ocular surface conditions before surgery, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the surgery. The histological examinations of the bulbar conjunctiva and labial glands tissues were performed at 12 and 24 months after the surgery. There were no significant differences in the serum level of estradiol and testosterone between the experimental and control groups before surgery, at 6, and 12 months after surgery (P>0.05). Serum level of estradiol and testosterone were significantly less in experimental versus control group at 18 and 24 months after surgery (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in phenol red cotton between the experimental and control groups before surgery, at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery (P>0.05). Tear osmolarity had no significant differences between experimental and control group before surgery (P>0.05), and it was significantly higher in experimental versus control group at all four time-points after surgery (P<0.05). The number of conjunctival goblet cells had no significant differences between experimental and control group before surgery, at 6 months after surgery (P>0.05), and it was significantly lower in experimental versus control group at 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the corneal fluorescein staining score between the experimental and control groups before surgery, at 6, 12, and 18 months after surgery (P>0.05), and it was higher in experimental than control group at 24 months after surgery (P<0.05). In addition, inflammatory cell infiltration in bulbar conjunctiva and labial glands tissues was observed in experimental group and was unobserved in control group at 24 months after surgery. Ovariectomy led to decreased sex hormone levels in cynomolgus monkey. In turn, tear osmolarity was increased, the number of conjunctival goblet cells were decreased, the corneal fluorescence staining was increased, and the pathological examination of the bulbar conjunctiva and labial glands tissues were abnormal, phenol red cotton thread test did not change significantly.

This report describes a clinical trial, with domiciled male veterans, designed to determine whether a diet which lowers serum cholesterol concentration can prevent overt complications of coronary heart disease and other manifestations of atherosclerosis. Volunteers were allocated randomly to control and experimental groups. Participants numbered 422 in the control group and 424 in the experimental group. The two groups were indistinguishable at the outset of the study in almost all observations. These included age, racial characteristics, and religious affiliation; height, weight, and blood pressure; electrocardiographic findings; prevalence of pre-existing anginal syndrome, myocardial infarction, peripheral atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia, or cerebral infarction; cardiac decompensation; utilization of relevant medications; serum cholesterol and serum total lipid levels; and prevalence of corneal arcus and xanthelasma. One significant difference between the groups in regard to a possibly influential ch...

Purpose. To develop and scientifically substantiate the methodology of special physical and technical-tactical training of boys aged 14-15 years who are engaged in mixed martial arts. Material and methods. The following research methods were used to solve the tasks: theoretical analysis and synthesis of literary sources on the problem under study, pedagogical testing, pedagogical observations, the method of expert assessments, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted at the mixed martial arts club «Ludus» in Cherkasy. Cherkasy from September 2023 to October 2024. 30 sportsmen (16 in the experimental and 14 in the control group) aged 14-15 years old who had experience of training 5-6 years took part in the research. The athletes of the control group trained according to the generally accepted methodology, and the young men of the experimental group according to the developed methodology, which included the use of learned technical actions in various combat situations with active opposition from the enemy. For this purpose, the training process included competitive (sparring) exercises with a specific task for each athlete, acting as the «first» or «second» number, respectively. To improve the technique of kicking, exercises on a coordination ladder, exercises with a rubber expander and stuffed balls were used. Auxiliary exercises for increasing the power of kicks included exercises with weighting for the legs. Results. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed that the experimental methodology significantly improves the quality and level of assimilation of the program material by athletes. As a result, the level of indicators of specially physical and technical and tactical preparedness has significantly increased. So, during the experiment the force of a blow by a hand of sportsmen of the control group increased by 2 kg, and at sportsmen of the experimental group by 23 kg. The force of a kick in the control group increased by 10 kg, and in the experimental group by 26 kg. The result of a long jump from a place in sportsmen of the control group increased by 15,3 cm, and in the experimental group by 26,1 cm. At the beginning of the experiment the results of shuttle running of sportsmen of the control and experimental groups practically did not differ (the difference was 0,1s), at the end of the experiment this difference is 0,4 s. These differences are statistically significant (p&lt;0,05). During the experiment, the number of jumps over a rope in 1 minute increased in the control group by 10 times, and in the experimental group by 19,5 times. In both cases the differences are statistically significant (p&lt;0,05). At the beginning of the pedagogical experiment the level of technical and tactical preparedness of sportsmen of the experimental and control groups according to the results of experts' assessment practically did not differ. The number of sportsmen with a high level in the experimental group was 12,5 %, and in the control group 14,3 %. During the experiment period, this number increased in the experimental group by 25,0 %, and in the control group only by 7,1 %. The number of sportsmen with an average level of fitness in the experimental group increased significantly by 12,5 %, in the control group - by 7,2 %. Accordingly, the number of young sportsmen with a low level of technical and tactical fitness decreased during the experiment. Their number decreased by 37,5 % in the experimental group and by 14,3 % in the control group. Such significant changes in the level of technical and tactical fitness of sportsmen during the experiment are significant. All this confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approaches to the organization and content of the educational and training process for 14-15 years old who are engaged in mixed martial arts. Conclusions. The approbation of the experimental methodology of training of young sportsmen showed its high efficiency in the increase of indicators of specially physical and technical-tactical preparedness. As a result of the pedagogical experiment there is an increase of all studied indicators in both groups. However, this increase is statistically significant in the experimental group.