Abstract
Variety testing including disease resistance test of the major crops has been carrying out since the 1960’s in Hungary. Testing for resistance of the new candidate varieties is performed in the so-called VCU (Value for Cultivation and Use) trials under natural infection and in special small-plot or micro-plot trials using different disease provocative methods. Disease resistance, especially those of multiple and horizontal-type (race non-specific, partial or durable) resistances, has recently become a key limiting factor in the state variety registration. The role of disease resistance in the decision-making process of variety registration is demonstrated on the examples of winter wheat and sunflower as two major field crops in Hungary.
Highlights
Variety testings including disease resistance test of the field crops has been carrying out since the 1960’s in Hungary
Nowadays there are seventeen Variety Testing Stations belong to the National Food Chain Safety Office where the field performance (VCU) trials and the small-plot disease provocative trials are conducted
There are two additional resistance tests under glasshouse conditions and one test under walk-in plastic tunnel assessing the resistance of sunflower candidates to downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) and broomrape (Orobanche cumana), and the foliar resistance of new potato varieties to late blight (Phytophthora infestans), respectively (Gergely, 2007)
Summary
Variety testings including disease resistance test of the field crops has been carrying out since the 1960’s in Hungary. Nowadays there are seventeen Variety Testing Stations belong to the National Food Chain Safety Office where the field performance (VCU) trials and the small-plot disease provocative trials are conducted. There are two additional resistance tests under glasshouse conditions and one test under walk-in plastic tunnel assessing the resistance of sunflower candidates to downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) and broomrape (Orobanche cumana), and the foliar resistance of new potato varieties to late blight (Phytophthora infestans), respectively (Gergely, 2007). Due to the vulnerability of vertical (race-specific) resistance resulted in new races that overcome the dominant genes for resistance in host plants, horizontal-type resistance ( called race-non-specific or partial resistance) has become a priority in the resistance breeding programmes providing a desirable durable resistance against plant diseases
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