The role of clinical perfectionism and psychological flexibility in distress and wellbeing

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives Clinical perfectionism, characterised by stringent standards and persistent striving, correlates with self-criticism and poor wellbeing. In this study we explored the mediating roles of psychological flexibility and inflexibility, and self-compassion, in the relationships of clinical perfectionism with distress, and clinical perfectionism and wellbeing. Methods We used a cross-sectional correlational study design. A non-clinical sample of 210 Australian residents aged between 18 to 65 years old completed an online survey. Data were analysed using correlational, multiple regression, and parallel mediation analysis. Results Heightened clinical perfectionism was associated with lower wellbeing and increased distress. Regression models revealed significant mediation by psychological inflexibility processes (self-as-content, experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion) and self-compassion. Cognitive fusion and inaction mediated clinical perfectionism-distress, while self-compassion and inaction mediated clinical perfectionism-psychological wellbeing. Conclusions These findings support clinical perfectionism as a transdiagnostic predictor of distress and reduced wellbeing. Those with high clinical perfectionism tend to rigidly respond to perfectionistic thoughts, avoid uncomfortable emotions, and engage in value-disconnected inaction. Associations between psychological flexibility and inflexibility processes emphasise their multidimensional nature, distinct yet interrelated. Inaction emerges as a common process in clinical perfectionism-distress and clinical perfectionism-wellbeing, while cognitive fusion specifically influences distress, and limited self-compassion affects wellbeing.