Abstract
There is growing recognition that the dentate gyrus (DG) subregion of the hippocampus contributes to both cognition and regulation of mood. Because adult hippocampal neurogenesis provides a source of new neurons throughout life in mammals, it represents a unique form of neural plasticity that may be targeted to restore or rejuvenate DG functions when compromised, such as in different disease states and during normal ageing. In this review, we address whether the role of adult-born neurons in modulation of anxiety and depression-like behaviors is dependent on their proposed function in pattern separation. Towards this goal, we discuss evidence for adult-born neurons in pattern separation and mood regulation. We suggest that the functions of adult-born neurons in pattern separation may be particularly relevant for anxiety disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and that antidepressants may engage both pattern separation-dependent and pattern separation-independent functions of adult-born neurons to produce therapeutic effects.
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