Abstract
Medicine is a rapidly-evolving discipline, with progress picking up pace with each passing decade. This constant evolution results in the introduction of new tools and methods, which in turn occasionally leads to paradigm shifts across the affected medical fields. The following review attempts to showcase how 3D printing has begun to reshape and improve processes across various medical specialties and where it has the potential to make a significant impact. The current state-of-the-art, as well as real-life clinical applications of 3D printing, are reflected in the perspectives of specialists practicing in the selected disciplines, with a focus on pre-procedural planning, simulation (rehearsal) of non-routine procedures, and on medical education and training. A review of the latest multidisciplinary literature on the subject offers a general summary of the advances enabled by 3D printing. Numerous advantages and applications were found, such as gaining better insight into patient-specific anatomy, better pre-operative planning, mock simulated surgeries, simulation-based training and education, development of surgical guides and other tools, patient-specific implants, bioprinted organs or structures, and counseling of patients. It was evident that pre-procedural planning and rehearsing of unusual or difficult procedures and training of medical professionals in these procedures are extremely useful and transformative.
Highlights
Three‐dimensional printing (3D printing, 3DP), known as rapid prototyping orThree-dimensional (3D in printing, known additive manufacturing,printing is not new the tech3DP), industry.,as therapid first prototyping patents and or additive manufacturing, is not newtointhe the 1970s, tech industry.the first patents and prototypes in this field date back with early additive manufacturing prototypes this materials field date back to the in1970s, early additive manufacturing equipment equipmentinand following the with subsequent decade.Various manufacturing and materials in the subsequent decade.Various manufacturing methods havefollowing been developed, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM),methods selectivehave laser been developed, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), to name a few
The results showed that subjectively the outcomes of the reconstructed auricle were more satisfactory in appearance (p = 0.005), shape (p = 0.026), size (p = 0.001), and similarity (p = 0.001) when the 3D model was used [56]
11 CFMR performed over 2 years in one Swiss institution, Zweifel et al demonstrated that the additional cost of virtual Computer-aided design (CAD)-computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to be nearly significantly by savings in operating theatre time alone (USD 5,098.00 vs. USD 1,231.50 with a pre-bent reconstruction plate and USD 6,980.00 vs. USD 3,113.50 for a milled one) [98]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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