The role in agricultural decision making in the upper Citarum watershed, Indonesia

Abstract

Women as a labor force share a significant role in farming, included in the most degraded Citarum watershed, Steep slopes, soil sensitivity to landslides, erosion, and relatively high rainfall are the limiting factors that are dangerous for farmers, especially for female workers participating in farming activities to support the family economy. However, the role and remuneration system for women in farming, in general, has not received serious attention. This paper aims to analyze the role of women and the factors influencing decision-making in farming activities. The research was conducted in the upstream area of the Citarum watershed in 2 districts, namely Bandung and West Bandung, in 2019. A total of 499 sample farm households were randomly selected. The data were analyzed statistically and descriptively. The results show (1) women participate in almost all agricultural activities except irrigation, but at the same activity and working time get lower wages than men; (2) there are differences of opinion between women and men regarding the roles in the decision-making process of farming activities. According to men, they play a more dominant role, while women prioritize joint roles without being dominant. The results also show that age, education, and experience of women in farming do not directly affect decision-making as long as not impacted to income, but affect women’s role and decision-making process in input use. Increasing women’s knowledge and skills are the keys to accelerate their participation and role in family decision-making in the agricultural sector.